scholarly journals Evaluation of presumptive identification of Enterobacterales using CHROMagar Orientation medium and rapid biochemical tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Ohtaki ◽  
Akifumi Takahashi ◽  
Ayumi Niwa ◽  
Jun Yonetamari ◽  
Asami Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Presumptive Identification

Malonate Dulcitol Lysine Iron Agar—A New Differential Medium for the Identification of Salmonella Subgenera I—III

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-218
Author(s):  
John R Stroup
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Lysine Decarboxylase ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Presumptive Identification ◽  
Differential Medium

Abstract A new differential medium, malonate dulcitol lysine iron agar, containing malonate, dulcitol, L-lysine, and an H2S indicating system has been developed for use at the triple sugar iron agar stage for the identification of Salmonella subgenera I–III. This medium differentiates the subgenera on the basis of the malonate and dulcitol reactions. L-Lysine is incorporated to confirm lysine decarboxylase activity for dulcitol-positive subgenus I cultures. Since it is a near minimal medium, it i? advantageous to inoculate triple sugar iron agar or lysine iron agar slants in parallel with the new medium to act as a source of cells for “O” group serology and to avoid missing aberrant biochemical types. Although a few atypical reactions were noted, all of the 35 typical Salmonella of subgenera I–III tested were typical on malonate dulcitol lysine iron agar medium. Triple sugar iron agar can be considered as giving a presumptive test for Salmonella. However, as it does not differentiate the subgenera, this distinction must be made when the results of in-depth biochemical tests are known. As the subgenera can be differentiated on the basis of malonate and dulcitol reactions, the new medium should allow for the presumptive identification of Salmonella subgenera at least 24 hr earlier than is now possible with conventional procedures.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Hicrome Agar Medium with Conventional Culture System for the Isolation of Uropathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
S Gul Nahar ◽  
M Bulbul Hasan ◽  
Mst Rokeya Khatun ◽  
M Nawshad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Urine Culture ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Conventional Culture ◽  
Presumptive Identification ◽  
Chromogenic Agar

Objective: The present study was done to compare the performance of chromogenic agar medium and conventional culture media for the isolation and presumptive identification of uropathogen.Methodology: A total 300 sample were collected from Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh during January to June, 2008. Urine samples of the suspected UTI cases, showing pus cells >5/HPF on microscopic examination were included for urine culture simultaneously onto 2 conventional media (Blood agar and MacConkey agar) and chromogenic agar medium (HiCrome UTI agar medium). Results: Culture yielded 139 (46.33%) bacterial growth among them, 133 (44.33%) showed single organism and remaining 06 (2.00%) showed mixed growth of two organisms in different combinations. It is evident from the present study that both HiCrome UTI agar and Blood agar (BA) media supported growth of all 145 bacteria, while MacConkey (MAC) agar yielded 133(91.72%) bacterial growths. The rate of presumptive identification of the isolates was found significantly higher (97.24%) on HiCrome UTI agar when compared with the MacConkey agar (80.68%) and Blood agar (27.58%) media. Out of 91 E. coli isolated, 88(96.70%) could be identified differentially on HiCrome UTI agar medium in contrast to 85(93.40%) on MacConkey agar and only 06(06.59%) on Blood agar. Again, all 06 (100%) of the isolate-pairs of mixed growth were identified distinctly on HiCrome UTI agar, whereas both Blood agar and MacConkey agar media could revealed only 01(16.66%) of the polymicrobial growth.Conclusion: HiCrome UTI agar medium has been documented for its very high yielding rate, rapid presumptive identification of both single and polymicrobial growths with greater precision and avoidance of biochemical tests for further identification of uropathogens. Thus it can be recommended as primary urine culture medium to be used by the clinical microbiology laboratories.TAJ 2011; 24(2): 128-135

scholarly journals Evaluation of the modified API 20C system for identification of clinically important yeasts

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
W J Buesching ◽  
K Kurek ◽  
G D Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Mayo Clinic ◽  
Complete System ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Commercial System ◽  
Presumptive Identification ◽  
Mycology Laboratory

The modified API 20C system (Analytab Products, Inc.) containing 19 carbohydrate assimilation tests was used to identify stock cultures of clinical isolates and routine clinical isolates from the Mayo Clinic mycology laboratory. The system provided correct identifications for 96% of the 505 organisms tested. The API 20C represents a commercial system useful for the identification of yeasts from clinical specimens. Although reliable, it is not a complete system and must be used in conjunction with microscopic morphological features for definitive identification. Since the system requires 72 h for identification, it is not designed for the rapid presumptive identification of such organisms as Cryptococcus neoformans; other biochemical tests must be used for this purpose.

scholarly journals Evaluation of simplified dichotomous schemata for the identification of anaerobic bacteria from clinical material

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
R K Porschen ◽  
D R Stalons
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Clinical Material ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Identification Schemes ◽  
Presumptive Identification ◽  
Simplified Procedures

Simplified dichotomous schemata are described for the identification of anaerobic bacteria commonly encountered in clinical material. The procedures used are combinations of routine biochemical tests and techniques that are used to uniformly characterize these organisms. Over 200 anaerobic organisms were used in a three-stage evaluation in which data were compared with those obtained by conventional methods. When there was inconsistency between the biochemical tests described in the presumptive identification schemes and gas-liquid chromatography, additional biochemical tests or reference procedures were used to confirm identification. Strains from the American Type Culture Collection and the Center for Disease Control, as well as recent clinical isolates, were included in this evaluation. The results show the simplified procedures to be useful for the identification of anaerobic isolates from clinical material.

scholarly journals Clinical Evaluation of the Uni-Yeast-Tek System for Rapid Presumptive Identification of Medically Important Yeasts

1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. H. Cooper ◽  
J. B. Johnson ◽  
E. S. Thaxton
Keyword(s):  
Initial Phase ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Yeast Identification ◽  
Routine Testing ◽  
Clinical Mycology ◽  
Presumptive Identification ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Mycology Laboratory

The results of over 400 tests for identification of clinical yeast isolates as to species using the Uni-Yeast-Tek (UYT) system in comparison with a more conventional system are reported. The conventional system utilized a total of 23 individual tests, including both fermentation and assimilation tests, whereas the UYT system included only 11 separate tests. In the initial phase of the study, coded unknown isolates were evaluated by each of two technologists using both methods independently. After this initial evaluation, the two methods were used in parallel for routine testing of yeast isolates as they were obtained from clinical specimens. A further evaluation of the UYT system was carried out by retrospectively analyzing the species reported from a clinical mycology laboratory during two separate time periods in which different approaches to yeast identification were employed. A total of 92% of the isolates tested with the UYT system were correctly reported within 72 h, 96% were correctly named after 1 week of incubation, and 97% were correctly reported after 2 weeks of incubation of UYT plates at 30°C when results of the two phases of the study were analyzed together. With the conventional system, 88% of the isolates were correctly reported at 72 h, 96% at 1 week, and 98% after 2 weeks of incubation of biochemical tests. Retrospective analysis of laboratory records revealed no major changes in species reported after adoption of the UYT system for routine testing of clinical isolates. The data presented in this report suggest that the UYT system can be expected to yield rapid presumptive identification of clinical yeast isolates with reasonable confidence when certain minor limitations that are discussed in the text are taken into account.

scholarly journals Performance of chromID ESBL, a chromogenic medium for detection of Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Réglier-Poupet ◽  
Thierry Naas ◽  
Amélie Carrer ◽  
Anne Cady ◽  
Jean-Marie Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agar Medium ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Presumptive Identification ◽  
Chromogenic Agar ◽  
Synergy Testing

The chromogenic agar medium chromID ESBL (bioMérieux) was compared with BLSE agar medium (AES) for selective isolation and presumptive identification of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae from clinical samples. A total of 765 samples (468 rectal swabs, 255 urine samples and 42 pulmonary aspirations) obtained from 547 patients was processed. All bacterial strains isolated on either medium were further characterized using biochemical tests, and ESBL producers were confirmed by synergy testing. Genetic characterization of ESBL genes was determined by PCR. A total of 33 ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains [Escherichia coli (n=16), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=8), Enterobacter spp. (n=3), Citrobacter spp. (n=5) and Proteus mirabilis (n=1)] was recovered. The sensitivity after 24 h incubation was 88 % for chromID ESBL and 85 % for BLSE agar. At 48 h, the sensitivity of chromID ESBL increased to 94 % and was higher than that obtained with BLSE agar. The positive predictive value at 24 h for chromID ESBL was 38.7 % [95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) 28.3 –50.2 %)], which was significantly higher than that for BLSE agar [15.4 %, 95 % CI 10.1 –21.5 %]. On both media, false-positive results were mostly due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to Enterobacteriaceae overproducing chromosomal cephalosporinase (Enterobacter spp.) or a chromosomal penicillinase (Klebsiella oxytoca). This study showed that chromID ESBL, a ready-to-use chromogenic selective medium, is sensitive and specific for rapid, presumptive identification of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Its chromogenic properties and its selectivity are particularly useful in specimens containing resident associated flora.

scholarly journals Chromogenic Agar Medium : A Versatile Tool for the Diagnosis of UTI

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
S Gul Nahar ◽  
M Bulbul Hasan ◽  
Mst Rokeya Khatun ◽  
M Nawshad Ali ◽  
DK Mohanta
Keyword(s):  
Urine Culture ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Presumptive Identification ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
Chromogenic Agar ◽  
Agar Media

Objective: The present study was done on Chromogenic agar media to identify uropathogens more efficiently by its characteristic colony colour for each of the organism.Methodology: A total 300 sample were collected from Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh. Urine samples of the suspected UTI cases, showing pus cells >5/HPF on microscopic examination were included for urine culture simultaneously onto Chromogenic agar media, Blood agar and MacConkey agar media.Results: Culture yielded 139 (46.33%) bacterial growth among them, 133 (44.33%) showed single organism and remaining 06 (2.00%) showed mixed growth of two organisms in different combinations. It is evident from the present study that both Chromogenic agar media and Blood agar (BA) media supported growth of all 145 bacteria, while MacConkey (MAC) agar yielded 133(91.72%) bacterial growths. The rate of presumptive identification of the isolates was found significantly higher (97.24%) on Chromogenic agar media when compared with the MacConkey agar (80.68%) and Blood agar (27.58%) media. Out of 91 E. coli isolated, 88(96.70%) could be identified differentially on Chromogenic agar media in contrast to 85(93.40%) on MacConkey agar and only 06(06.59%) on Blood agar. Again, all 06 (100%) of the isolate-pairs of mixed growth were identified distinctly on Chromogenic agar media, whereas both Blood agar and MacConkey agar media could revealed only 01(16.66%) of the polymicrobial growth.Conclusion: Chromogenic agar media has been documented for its very high yielding rate, rapid presumptive identification of both single and polymicrobial growths with greater precision and avoidance of biochemical tests for further identification of uropathogens. Thus it can be recommended as primary urine culture medium to be used by the clinical microbiology laboratories.TAJ 2012; 25: 64-71

scholarly journals Cost-Effective and Rapid Presumptive Identification of Gram-Negative Bacilli in Routine Urine, Pus, and Stool Cultures: Evaluation of the Use of CHROMagar Orientation Medium in Conjunction with Simple Biochemical Tests

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 4586-4592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyofumi Ohkusu
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Identification Algorithm ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Presumptive Identification

The algorithm for a new identification system was designed on the basis of colony color and morphology on CHROMagar Orientation medium in conjunction with simple biochemical tests such as indole (IND), lysine decarboxylase (LDC), and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) utilization tests with gram-negative bacilli isolated from urine samples as well as pus, stool, and other clinical specimens by the following colony characteristics, biochemical reactions, and serological results: pinkish to red, IND positive (IND+), Escherichia coli; metallic blue, IND+, LDC+, and ODC negative (ODC−), Klebsiella oxytoca; IND+, LDC−, and ODC+,Citrobacter diversus; IND+ or IND−, LDC−, and ODC−,Citrobacter freundii; IND−, LDC+, and ODC+, Enterobacter aerogenes; IND−, LDC−, and ODC+,Enterobacter cloacae; IND−, LDC+, and ODC−, Klebsiella pneumoniae; diffuse brown and IND+, Morganella morganii; IND−, Proteus mirabilis; aqua blue,Serratia marcescens; bluish green and IND+,Proteus vulgaris; transparent yellow-green, serology positive, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; clear and serology positive, Salmonella sp.; other colors and reactions, the organism was identified by the full identification methods. The accuracy and cost-effectiveness of this new system were prospectively evaluated. During an 8-month period, a total of 345 specimens yielded one or more gram-negative bacilli. A total of 472 gram-negative bacillus isolates were detected on CHROMagar Orientation medium. For 466 of the isolates (98.7%), no discrepancies in the results were obtained on the basis of the identification algorithm. The cost of identification of gram-negative bacilli during this period was reduced by about 70%. The results of this trial for the differentiation of the most commonly encountered gram-negative pathogens in clinical specimens with the new algorithm were favourable in that it permitted reliable detection and presumptive identification. In addition, this rapid identification system not only significantly reduced costs but it also improved the daily work flow within the clinical microbiology laboratory.

Liver Histological Improvement After Administration of High-Dose Vitamin C in Guinea Pig with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 88 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
Seong-Hoon Park ◽  
A Lum Han ◽  
Na-Hyung Kim ◽  
Sae-Ron Shin
Keyword(s):  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Histological Improvement ◽  
Vit C

Abstract. Background: Vitamin C is a strong antioxidant, and the health effects of vitamin C megadoses have not been validated despite the apparent health benefits. Therefore, the present study sought to confirm the effects of vitamin C megadoses. Materials and Methods : Four groups of six guinea pigs were used. Each group was fed one of the following diets for three weeks: normal diet, methionine choline-deficient diet, methionine choline-deficient diet + vitamin C megadose (MCD + vit C 2.5 g/kg/day), and methionine-choline deficient diet + ursodeoxycholic acid (MCD + UDCA 30 mg/kg/day). The MCD diet was given to induce nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and UDCA was used to treat nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Three weeks after initial diet administration, the results of biochemical tests and liver biopsy were compared between the groups. Results: The cytoplasm state was similar in the MCD + vit C and MCD + UDCA groups, exhibiting clearing of the cytoplasm and ballooning degeneration. However, macrovesicular steatosis was not observed in the MCD + vit C group. Aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase were elevated significantly following vitamin C administration. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that alone vitamin C megadoses are potential remedies for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, based on the liver biopsy results of guinea pigs that were unable to synthesize vitamin C.

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