scholarly journals CHARMM-GUIMembrane Buildertoward realistic biological membrane simulations

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (27) ◽  
pp. 1997-2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia L. Wu ◽  
Xi Cheng ◽  
Sunhwan Jo ◽  
Huan Rui ◽  
Kevin C. Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Membrane Simulations

scholarly journals CHARMM-GUIMembrane Builderfor Complex Biological Membrane Simulations with Glycolipids and Lipoglycans

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 775-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumin Lee ◽  
Dhilon S. Patel ◽  
Jonas Ståhle ◽  
Sang-Jun Park ◽  
Nathan R. Kern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Membrane Simulations

Exosomes: Structure, Biogenesis, Types and Application in Diagnosis and Gene and Drug Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shriya Agarwal ◽  
Vinayak Agarwal ◽  
Mugdha Agarwal ◽  
Manisha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Gene Isolation ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Therapeutic Regime ◽  
Targeted Gene Therapy ◽  
Delivery Mechanism

Abstract: In recent times, several approaches for targeted gene therapy (GT) had been studied. However, the emergence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a shuttle carrying genetic information between cells has gained a lot of interest in scientific communities. Owing to their higher capabilities in dealing with short sequences of nucleic acid (mRNA, miRNA), proteins, recombinant proteins, exosomes, the most popular form of EVs are viewed as reliable biological therapeutic conveyers. They have natural access through every biological membrane and can be employed for site-specific and efficient drug delivery without eliciting any immune responses hence, qualifying as an ideal delivery vehicle. Also, there are many research studies conducted in the last few decades on using exosome-mediated gene therapy into developing an effective therapy with the concept of a higher degree of precision in gene isolation, purification and delivery mechanism loading, delivery and targeting protocols. This review discusses several facets that contribute towards developing an efficient therapeutic regime for gene therapy, highlighting limitations and drawbacks associated with current GT and suggested therapeutic regimes.

Diffusion and Biological Membrane Permeability. II

1941 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Reiner
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Biological Membrane

scholarly journals Lipid-protein stoichiometries in a crystalline biological membrane: NMR quantitative analysis of the lipid extract of the purple membrane

2002 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Corcelli ◽  
Veronica M.T. Lattanzio ◽  
Giuseppe Mascolo ◽  
Paride Papadia ◽  
Francesco Fanizzi
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Purple Membrane ◽  
Lipid Extract

scholarly journals Molecular Dynamics of Chloroplast Membranes Isolated from Wild-Type Barley and a Brassinosteroid-Deficient Mutant Acclimated to Low and High Temperatures

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Iwona Sadura ◽  
Dariusz Latowski ◽  
Jana Oklestkova ◽  
Damian Gruszka ◽  
Marek Chyc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Hydrophobic Core ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Chloroplast Membranes ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Photosynthetic Membranes

Plants have developed various acclimation strategies in order to counteract the negative effects of abiotic stresses (including temperature stress), and biological membranes are important elements in these strategies. Brassinosteroids (BR) are plant steroid hormones that regulate plant growth and development and modulate their reaction against many environmental stresses including temperature stress, but their role in modifying the properties of the biological membrane is poorly known. In this paper, we characterise the molecular dynamics of chloroplast membranes that had been isolated from wild-type and a BR-deficient barley mutant that had been acclimated to low and high temperatures in order to enrich the knowledge about the role of BR as regulators of the dynamics of the photosynthetic membranes. The molecular dynamics of the membranes was investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic area of the membranes. The content of BR was determined, and other important membrane components that affect their molecular dynamics such as chlorophylls, carotenoids and fatty acids in these membranes were also determined. The chloroplast membranes of the BR-mutant had a higher degree of rigidification than the membranes of the wild type. In the hydrophilic area, the most visible differences were observed in plants that had been grown at 20 °C, whereas in the hydrophobic core, they were visible at both 20 and 5 °C. There were no differences in the molecular dynamics of the studied membranes in the chloroplast membranes that had been isolated from plants that had been grown at 27 °C. The role of BR in regulating the molecular dynamics of the photosynthetic membranes will be discussed against the background of an analysis of the photosynthetic pigments and fatty acid composition in the chloroplasts.

scholarly journals Biofilm on the polymer composites - qualitative and quantitative microbiological analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dobrochna Ginter-Kramarczyk ◽  
Izabela Kruszelnicka ◽  
Michał Michałkiewicz ◽  
Przemysław Muszyński ◽  
Stanisław Zajchowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Active Surface Area ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Wood Polymer

Abstract Background Modern technology, which has been getting more and more recognition in the world for the last several years, is the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) technology. Currently, movable biofilters made of basic polymeric materials, polyethylene and polypropylene. Methods An innovative solution in the field, mainly because of the large active surface area for biological membrane can be wood polymer composites (WPC). In the research polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was used as the matrix. Two types of commercial wood flour also, selected from conifers, were selected for the study: Lignocel C 120 with particle sizes in the range of 70 μm–150 μm and L9 with dimensions of 0.8–1.1 mm and wood chips, which are used on an industrial scale for the production of chipboards, were used as a filler. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of newly formed biofilms was performed. Results The study showed a direct effect of the filler and its particle size on the susceptibility to the formation of the biofilm of on the composites surface. Conclusions Polypropylene PPH 648 T and 40% wt. of L9 type wood flour was the most susceptible to biofilm formation. Pure polypropylene PPH 648 T was the least susceptible material.

scholarly journals Effect of Shiga Toxin on Inhomogeneous Biological Membrane Structure Determined by Small-Angle Scattering

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6965
Author(s):  
Shuyang Tu ◽  
Haijiao Zhang ◽  
Yawen Li ◽  
Yongchao Zhang ◽  
Qiang Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Small Angle Scattering ◽  
Model Membrane ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
Membrane Structures ◽  
Lipid Complex ◽  
Angle Scattering

Inhomogeneous structure occurring in biological membranes being rich in glycosphingolipids (GSL) has been proposed as an important phenomenon involved in the cellular endocytosis process. However, little is known about the correlation between the formation of microdomains and the GSL-dependent biogenesis for tubular endocytic pits occurred on the surface of the cellular membrane. In the present work, the interaction between the bacterial Shiga toxin from Escherichia coli (STxB) and its cellular receptor GSL globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) were studied using small unilamellar vesicle (SUV). The model membrane invagination induced by STxB was determined by the contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and the synchrotron radiation facility based small-angle X-ray scattering (SR-SAXS). The results revealed that Gb3 molecules provided the binding sites for STxB, inducing increased membrane fluctuation. The formation of protein–lipid complex (STxB-Gb3) apparently induced the thinning of model membrane with the thickness decreased from 3.10 nm to 2.50 nm. It is the first time to successfully characterize the mesoscopic change on membrane thickness upon GSL-dependent endocytic process using a small-angle scattering technique. Overall, this paper provided a practical method to quantify the inhomogeneous biological membrane structures, which is important to understand the cellular endocytosis process.

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