The light-dependent control of chloroplast development in barley (Hordeum vulgare L)

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Apel ◽  
Ingrid Gollmer ◽  
Alfred Batschauer
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

The development of photosynthesis in dark-grown barley leaves upon illumination

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2313-2317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre A. Tamàs ◽  
E. W. Yemm ◽  
R. G. S. Bidwell
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chloroplast Development ◽  
Calvin Cycle ◽  
Carbon Flow ◽  
Sucrose Synthesis ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Separate Part ◽  
Photosynthetic Product ◽  
Barley Leaves ◽  
Dark Fixation

Dark-grown barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare L.) were exposed to varying periods of illumination, followed by the supply of 14CO2 for 14 min in light or in darkness. Alcoholic extracts of the leaves were analyzed by chromatography. It was found that leaves without previous illumination were able to synthesize only malate, aspartate, glutamate, citrate, and succinate, equally in light or darkness. The products of dark fixation of 14CO2 were not affected by the length of prior illumination. In light, after 2 to 4 h of illumination, the synthesis of malate, aspartate, and glutamate was greatly accelerated. At this time intermediates of the Calvin cycle began to appear, followed by a rapid increase in sucrose synthesis. After more than 6 h of illumination, sucrose became the main photosynthetic product. A kinetic examination of the carbon flow into intermediates of carboxylation in light and in darkness was also conducted.The results indicate that during chloroplast development upon illumination there is a successive activation of distinct components of photosynthesis. The first photosynthetic reaction is a light-dependent β-carboxylation. This is followed by the development of the Calvin cycle, and the glycolate pathway. Dark CO2 fixation appears to be a different process from light-requiring β-carboxylation, located in a separate part of the cell.

Ultrastructure and Senescence in an Achloroplastic Mutant of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Dyan

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 844-845
Author(s):  
R.H.M. Cross ◽  
C.E.J. Botha ◽  
A.K. Cowan ◽  
B.J. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Lethal Mutant ◽  
Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Pinocytotic Vesicles

Senescence is an ordered degenerative process leading to death of individual cells, organs and organisms. The detection of a conditional lethal mutant (achloroplastic) of Hordeum vulgare has enabled us to investigate ultrastructural changes occurring in leaf tissue during foliar senescence.Examination of the tonoplast structure in six and 14 day-old mutant tissue revealed a progressive degeneration and disappearance of the membrane, apparently starting by day six in the vicinity of the mitochondria associated with the degenerating proplastid (Fig. 1.) where neither of the plastid membrane leaflets is evident (arrows, Fig. 1.). At this stage there was evidence that the mitochondrial membranes were undergoing retrogressive changes, coupled with disorganization of cristae (Fig. 2.). Proplastids (P) lack definitive prolamellar bodies. The cytoplasmic matrix is largely agranular, with few endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae or polyribosomal aggregates. Interestingly, large numbers of actively-budding dictysomes, associated with pinocytotic vesicles, were observed in close proximity to the plasmalemma of mesophyll cells (Fig. 3.). By day 14 however, mesophyll cells showed almost complete breakdown of subcellular organelle structure (Fig. 4.), and further evidence for the breakdown of the tonoplast. The final stage of senescence is characterized by the solubilization of the cell wall due to expression and activity of polygalacturonase and/or cellulose. The presence of dictyosomes with associated pinocytotic vesicles formed from the mature face, in close proximity to both the plasmalemma and the cell wall, would appear to support the model proposed by Christopherson for the secretion of cellulase. This pathway of synthesis is typical for secretory glycoproteins.

ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ЯЧМЕНЯ (Hordeum vulgare L.) РАЗНОГО ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ ПО ЭЛЕМЕНТАМ СТРУКТУРЫ УРОЖАЯ

2012 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
А.В. ЖЕЛЕЗНОВ ◽  
◽  
Н.Б. ЖЕЛЕЗНОВА ◽  
Т.В. КУКОЕВА ◽  
Н.В. БУРМАКИНА ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

ВНУТРИВИДОВОЙ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМ ЯРОВОГО ЯЧМЕНЯ (Hordeum vulgare L.) ПО УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ К ДЕЙСТВИЮ СВИНЦА

2014 ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. ДИКАРЕВ ◽  
◽  
В.Г. ДИКАРЕВ ◽  
Н.С. ДИКАРЕВА ◽  
С.А. ГЕРАСЬКИН ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

Using AMMI approach to delineate genotype by environment interaction and stability of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes under northern Indian shivalik hill conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Om Prakash Yadav ◽  
A. K. Razdan ◽  
Bupesh Kumar ◽  
Praveen Singh ◽  
Anjani K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Biplot Analysis ◽  
Principal Component Axis ◽  
Ammi Analysis

Genotype by environment interaction (GEI) of 18 barley varieties was assessed during two successive rabi crop seasons so as to identify high yielding and stable barley varieties. AMMI analysis showed that genotypes (G), environment (E) and GEI accounted for 1672.35, 78.25 and 20.51 of total variance, respectively. Partitioning of sum of squares due to GEI revealed significance of interaction principal component axis IPCA1 only On the basis of AMMI biplot analysis DWRB 137 (41.03qha–1), RD 2715 (32.54qha–1), BH 902 (37.53qha–1) and RD 2907 (33.29qha–1) exhibited grain yield superiority of 64.45, 30.42, 50.42 and 33.42 per cent, respectively over farmers’ recycled variety (24.43qha–1).

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