Effect of β-amyloid (25-35) on mitochondrial function and expression of mitochondrial permeability transition pore proteins in rat hippocampal neurons

2011 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 1450-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Ren ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Benchang Li ◽  
Yanping Wu ◽  
Baixiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition ◽  
Permeability Transition Pore ◽  
Permeability Transition ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability ◽  
Β Amyloid

scholarly journals Neuroprotective Effect of L-carnitine. Focus on Changing Mitochondrial Function

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-42
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Voronkov ◽  
Dmitry I. Pozdnyakov
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Permeability Transition Pore ◽  
Permeability Transition ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability ◽  
Cerebral Necrosis

Introduction: In this study, the neuroprotective effect of L-carnitine administered per os in a dose of 25 mg/kg – 800 mg/kg was evaluated. The effects of L-carnitine on changes in mitochondrial function were also studied. Materials and Methods: The neuroprotective effect and mitochondrial function were evaluated in a model of permanent focal ischemia in Wistar-line rats. L-carnitine was administered to rats orally for 72 hours from the moment of modeling ischemia. On the 4th day after the ischemia simulation, the change in the respiratory function of the mitochondria, the opening time of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, the mitochondrial membrane potential, the concentration of intracellular calcium and the size of the cerebral necrosis zone were determined in rats’ brain supernatant. Results: As a result, it was found that the administration of L-carnitine contributed to the restoration of mitochondrial function and a decrease in the size of the brain necrosis zone. At the same time, the administration of L-carnitine in low doses (25 mg/kg – 100 mg/kg) did not have a significant effect on the change in the concentration of intracellular calcium. It should be noted that an increase in the dose of L-carnitine from 200 mg/kg to 800 mg/kg was not accompanied by a significant increase in the therapeutic effect. Discussion: L-carnitine is one of the key biomolecules that directly affect metabolic processes. It is known that L-carnitine acts as a ”shuttle” for long-chain fatty acids and thus can affect the alteration of mitochondrial function. However, the detailed nature of the mitochondriotropic action of L-carnitine has not been yet established. This was the focus of this study, which showed that the mitochondrion-oriented effect of L-carnitine is dose-dependent and expressed in the form of restoring the respiratory function of mitochondria, restoring the mitochondrial potential and increasing the latent opening time of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, reducing the level of intracellular calcium. Conclusion: The study allowed us to expand our understanding of the L-carnitine neuroprotective effect and the effect of this compound on changes in mitochondrial function. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Targeting the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore to Prevent Age-Associated Cell Damage and Neurodegeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Kent ◽  
Khairat Bahgat Youssef El Baradie ◽  
Mark W. Hamrick
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition ◽  
Permeability Transition Pore ◽  
Permeability Transition ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability ◽  
Mptp Opening

The aging process is associated with significant alterations in mitochondrial function. These changes in mitochondrial function are thought to involve increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which over time contribute to cell death, senescence, tissue degeneration, and impaired tissue repair. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is likely to play a critical role in these processes, as increased ROS activates mPTP opening, which further increases ROS production. Injury and inflammation are also thought to increase mPTP opening, and chronic, low-grade inflammation is a hallmark of aging. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) can suppress the frequency and duration of mPTP opening; however, NAD+ levels are known to decline with age, further stimulating mPTP opening and increasing ROS release. Research on neurodegenerative diseases, particularly on Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), has uncovered significant findings regarding mPTP openings and aging. Parkinson’s disease is associated with a reduction in mitochondrial complex I activity and increased oxidative damage of DNA, both of which are linked to mPTP opening and subsequent ROS release. Similarly, AD is associated with increased mPTP openings, as evidenced by amyloid-beta (Aβ) interaction with the pore regulator cyclophilin D (CypD). Targeted therapies that can reduce the frequency and duration of mPTP opening may therefore have the potential to prevent age-related declines in cell and tissue function in various systems including the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Delineating a role for the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in diabetic kidney disease by targeting cyclophilin D

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runa S.J. Lindblom ◽  
Gavin C. Higgins ◽  
Tuong-Vi Nguyen ◽  
Maryann Arnstein ◽  
Darren C. Henstridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability Transition ◽  
Permeability Transition Pore ◽  
Permeability Transition ◽  
Cyclophilin D ◽  
Diabetic Kidney ◽  
Mitochondrial Permeability

Abstract Mitochondrial stress has been widely observed in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a functional component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) which allows the exchange of ions and solutes between the mitochondrial matrix to induce mitochondrial swelling and activation of cell death pathways. CypD has been successfully targeted in other disease contexts to improve mitochondrial function and reduced pathology. Two approaches were used to elucidate the role of CypD and the mPTP in DKD. Firstly, mice with a deletion of the gene encoding CypD (Ppif−/−) were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin (STZ) and followed for 24 weeks. Secondly, Alisporivir, a CypD inhibitor was administered to the db/db mouse model (5 mg/kg/day oral gavage for 16 weeks). Ppif−/− mice were not protected against diabetes-induced albuminuria and had greater glomerulosclerosis than their WT diabetic littermates. Renal hyperfiltration was lower in diabetic Ppif−/− as compared with WT mice. Similarly, Alisporivir did not improve renal function nor pathology in db/db mice as assessed by no change in albuminuria, KIM-1 excretion and glomerulosclerosis. Db/db mice exhibited changes in mitochondrial function, including elevated respiratory control ratio (RCR), reduced mitochondrial H2O2 generation and increased proximal tubular mitochondrial volume, but these were unaffected by Alisporivir treatment. Taken together, these studies indicate that CypD has a complex role in DKD and direct targeting of this component of the mPTP will likely not improve renal outcomes.

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