High levels of MMP-1 expression in the absence of the 2G single nucleotide polymorphism is mediated by p38 and ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinases in VMM5 melanoma cells

2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Benbow ◽  
Grant B. Tower ◽  
Colby A. Wyatt ◽  
Giovanna Buttice ◽  
Constance E. Brinckerhoff
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

scholarly journals Mitogen-activated protein kinases control p27/Kip1 expression and growth of human melanoma cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 357 (1) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin KORTYLEWSKI ◽  
Peter C. HEINRICH ◽  
Maria-Elisabeth KAUFFMANN ◽  
Markus BÖHM ◽  
Andrzej MACKIEWICZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Human Melanoma ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases ◽  
Human Melanoma Cells ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
P27 Kip1

Mitogen-activated protein kinases control p27/Kip1 expression and growth of human melanoma cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 357 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin KORTYLEWSKI ◽  
Peter C. HEINRICH ◽  
Maria-Elisabeth KAUFFMANN ◽  
Markus BÖHM ◽  
Andrzej MACKIEWICZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Human Melanoma ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases ◽  
Mapk Activity ◽  
Human Melanoma Cells ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
P27 Kip1 ◽  
Constitutively Active

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)1 and ERK2, involved in regulating cell growth and differentiation, are constitutively active in A375 and WM239 human melanoma cells. Using PD098059, an inhibitor of MAPK kinase (MEK), we investigated the role of persistently activated ERK1/2 in cell growth. The inhibition of MAPK activity induced a dose-dependent growth arrest in G0/G1 phase. Correspondingly, we observed the up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p27/Kip1 and hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein. Further studies showed that PD098059 treatment significantly decreased Cdk2 kinase activity, most probably owing to an augmented level of p27/Kip1 associated with cyclin E–Cdk2 complexes. The accumulation of p27/Kip1 protein in A375 cells was attributed to its increased stability. Our findings suggest that constitutively active ERK1/2 kinases contribute to the growth of melanoma cells by negative regulation of the p27/Kip1 inhibitor.

UTILIZATION OF DNA MARKERS FOR EVALUATING AMYLOSE CONTENT OF GRAIN IN RICE

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dương Thanh Thủy ◽  
Taiichiro Ookawa
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Waxy Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Branching Enzymes ◽  
Wx Gene ◽  
High Amylose ◽  
Suitable Marker ◽  
Granule Bound Starch Synthase

The sensory and functional properties of rice are predominantly associated with its amylose content. Granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) encoded by the Waxy (Wx) gene determines the synthesis of amylose, while starch branching enzymes encoded by Sbe genes are involved in the formation of amylopectin. Some studies have demonstrated that Wx gene is the major controller of amylose content but there are one or more modifying genes affecting the amylose content. Three markers,  microsatellite, Single – nucleotide – polymorphism (G/T SNP) in Wx gene and Single – nucleotide – polymorphism (T/C SNP) in Sbe1 gene, were tested for their association with amylose content using sixty-nine  rice accessions from twenty countries. Of the three markers, two markers in Wx gene are significantly associated with amylose content. The combination of two markers in Wx gene (haplotypes) explained 83.8% of the variation in amylose content and discriminated the three market classes of glutinous, low, intermediate and high amylose content of rice from each other. And T/C SNP in Sbe1 locus was not a suitable marker for amylose content. Keywords: marker, amylose content, Waxy gene.

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