scholarly journals Pyridostigmine bromide, chlorpyrifos, and DEET combined Gulf War exposure insult depresses mitochondrial function in neuroblastoma cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedad Delic ◽  
Joshua Karp ◽  
Julian Klein ◽  
Katherine J. Stalnaker ◽  
Kathleen E. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Pyridostigmine Bromide

scholarly journals Genomic instability induced by radiation-mimicking chemicals is not associated with persistent mitochondrial degeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luukkonen Jukka ◽  
Höytö Anne ◽  
Sokka Miiko ◽  
Syväoja Juhani ◽  
Juutilainen Jukka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Genomic Instability ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Superoxide Production ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Mitochondrial Superoxide

AbstractIonizing radiation has been shown to cause induced genomic instability (IGI), which is defined as a persistently increased rate of genomic damage in the progeny of the exposed cells. In this study, IGI was investigated by exposing human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to hydroxyurea and zeocin, two chemicals mimicking different DNA-damaging effects of ionizing radiation. The aim was to explore whether IGI was associated with persistent mitochondrial dysfunction. Changes to mitochondrial function were assessed by analyzing mitochondrial superoxide production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mitochondrial activity. The formation of micronuclei was used to determine immediate genetic damage and IGI. Measurements were performed either immediately, 8 days, or 15 days following exposure. Both hydroxyurea and zeocin increased mitochondrial superoxide production and affected mitochondrial activity immediately after exposure, and mitochondrial membrane potential was affected by zeocin, but no persistent changes in mitochondrial function were observed. IGI became manifested 15 days after exposure in hydroxyurea-exposed cells. In conclusion, immediate responses in mitochondrial function did not cause persistent dysfunction of mitochondria, and this dysfunction was not required for IGI in human neuroblastoma cells.

Pyridostigmine Bromide and the Long-Term Subjective Health Status of a Sample of Female Reserve Component Gulf War Veterans: A Brief Report

2001 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 306-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter R. Schumm ◽  
Earl Jay Reppert ◽  
Anthony P. Jurich ◽  
Stephan R. Bollman ◽  
Carlos Castelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Subjective Health ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Pyridostigmine Bromide ◽  
Subjective Health Status ◽  
War Veterans ◽  
Gulf War Veterans ◽  
Reserve Component

The role of pyridostigmine bromide (PB) pills in explaining the long-term subjective health status of a sample of over 100 female Reserve Component Gulf War veterans was examined through regression analysis. Results fell just short of significance ( p < .06) for the prediction of subjective health approximately six years after the war and were clearly not significant for the prediction of subjective health at previous times. Results parallel Golomb's 1999 RAND report, which found suggestive but not conclusive evidence for the possible adverse effects of Gulf War veterans' consumption of pyridostigmine bromide pills. Our data suggest that use of more than 10 pills may have been especially risky with respect to long-term subjective health.

scholarly journals NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ARTOCARPUS LAKOOCHA EXTRACT AND OXYRESVERATROL AGAINST HYDROGEN PEROXIDE-INDUCED TOXICITY IN SH-SY5Y CELLS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasriadi . ◽  
Matusorn Wong-on ◽  
Phakhamon Lapphanichayakool ◽  
Nanteetip Limpeanchob
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Medical Plant ◽  
Continuous Presence

Objective: Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. is a traditional medical plant native to Southeast Asia and used as a dried aqueous extract so-called puag haad. Its role (and its major ingredient, oxyresveratrol) as an antioxidant neuroprotectant were explored.Methods: Differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells in 96-well plates were challenged with 200 µM H2O2 for 4 h and either Trolox (100 µM), oxyresveratrol (5-100 µM), or puag haad (1.2-25 µg/ml) applied 2 h before H2O2 or for 20 h after H2O2 washout. Cell viability, mitochondrial function, intracellular ROS, and lipid peroxidation were assessed.Results: Continuous presence of both H2O2 and antioxidant reduced mitochondrial function by ~50% but only by 30% with antioxidant. Sustained 24 h H2O2 showed no recoveries with antioxidants. Cell viability was modestly restored when antioxidants accompanied H2O2 for 4 h and both washed for another 20 h, but little recovery of mitochondrial function even though antioxidants removed ROS and prevent lipid peroxidation. Antioxidants added for 20 h after H2O2 marginally improve mitochondria and modestly restore cell viability, but lipid peroxidation was completely reversed.Conclusion: These results show that mitochondrial protection was illusive, yet both tested compounds, puag haad and oxyresveratrol, improved cell viability and especially ROS levels and lipid peroxidation. The potency oxyresveratrol on the redox-sensitive expression of antioxidant enzymes and its pharmacokinetics suggests that oral puag haad could provide effective protection in transient neurodegenerative disease. 

scholarly journals Centella asiatica Attenuates Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Aβ-Exposed Hippocampal Neurons

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora E. Gray ◽  
Jonathan A. Zweig ◽  
Donald G. Matthews ◽  
Maya Caruso ◽  
Joseph F. Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Centella asiatica has been used for centuries to enhance memory. We have previously shown that a water extract of Centella asiatica (CAW) protects against the deleterious effects of amyloid-β (Aβ) in neuroblastoma cells and attenuates Aβ-induced cognitive deficits in mice. Yet, the neuroprotective mechanism of CAW has yet to be thoroughly explored in neurons from these animals. This study investigates the effects of CAW on neuronal metabolism and oxidative stress in isolated Aβ-expressing neurons. Hippocampal neurons from amyloid precursor protein overexpressing Tg2576 mice and wild-type (WT) littermates were treated with CAW. In both genotypes, CAW increased the expression of antioxidant response genes which attenuated the Aβ-induced elevations in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation in Tg2576 neurons. CAW also improved mitochondrial function in both genotypes and increased the expression of electron transport chain enzymes and mitochondrial labeling, suggesting an increase in mitochondrial content. These data show that CAW protects against mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in Aβ-exposed hippocampal neurons which could contribute to the beneficial effects of the extract observed in vivo. Since CAW also improved mitochondrial function in the absence of Aβ, these results suggest a broader utility for other conditions where neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction occurs.

scholarly journals Gulf War agents pyridostigmine bromide and permethrin cause hypersensitive nociception that is restored after vagus nerve stimulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damir Nizamutdinov ◽  
Sanjib Mukherjee ◽  
Chenghao Deng ◽  
Harald M. Stauss ◽  
Lee A. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Pyridostigmine Bromide

scholarly journals Interactions between pyridostigmine bromide and stress on glutamatergic neurochemistry: Insights from a rat model of Gulf War Illness

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 100210 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Macht ◽  
J.L. Woodruff ◽  
H.E. Burzynski ◽  
C.A. Grillo ◽  
L.P. Reagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Pyridostigmine Bromide ◽  
Gulf War Illness

The oligosaccharide portion of ganglioside GM1 regulates mitochondrial function in neuroblastoma cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fazzari ◽  
Matteo Audano ◽  
Giulia Lunghi ◽  
Erika Di Biase ◽  
Nicoletta Loberto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Ganglioside Gm1
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