scholarly journals Bone mineral accrual from 8 to 30 years of age: An estimation of peak bone mass

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1729-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam DG Baxter-Jones ◽  
Robert A Faulkner ◽  
Mark R Forwood ◽  
Robert L Mirwald ◽  
Donald A Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral Accrual

The Effect of Fructooligosaccharides with Various Degrees of Polymerization on Calcium Bioavailability in the Growing Rat

2003 ◽  
Vol 228 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlena C. Kruger ◽  
Katherine E. Brown ◽  
Gabrielle Collett ◽  
Lee Layton ◽  
Linda M. Schollum
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Calcium Bioavailability

Maximizing peak bone mass during adolescence may be the key to postponing and perhaps preventing bone fractures due to osteoporosis in later life. One mechanism to maximize peak bone mass is to maximize calcium absorption, and it has been suggested that inulin and oligofructose might be one of the ways of doing so. In this study, fructooligosaccharides with various degrees of polymerization have been compared in terms of impact on calcium absorption, bone density, and excretion of collagen cross-links in the young adult male rat. The various oligosaccharides were oligofructose (DP2-8), inulin (DP>23), and a mixture of 92% inulin and 8% short-chain oligofructose (DP2-8). Measuring ex vivo bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) showed that BMD was significantly higher in the group fed inulin (DP>23) in both femurs, whereas BMC was significantly higher in the spine. The excretion of fragments of Type 1 collagen decreased in all groups over the 4 weeks of feeding, but the decrease was most significant in the group fed inulin (DP>23). Several hypotheses have been offered to explain the effect of the fructooligosaccharides on calcium absorption and retention. These include the production of organic acids that would acidify the luminal contents and enhance solubility and hence absorption, or possibly a mechanism via calbindinD9k. This study is unique in that it compares the different fructooligosaccharides in the same model, and it clearly shows that the various fructans do not have the same effect. In our model, inulin (DP>23) had the most significant effect on calcium bioavailability.

scholarly journals Influence of Age at Menarche on Forearm Bone Microstructure in Healthy Young Women

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 2594-2601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Chevalley ◽  
Jean-Philippe Bonjour ◽  
Serge Ferrari ◽  
Rene Rizzoli
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
T Score ◽  
Estrogen Exposure ◽  
Volumetric Bmd

Abstract Background: Shorter estrogen exposure from puberty onset to peak bone mass attainment may explain how late menarche is a risk factor for osteoporosis. The influence of menarcheal age (MENA) on peak bone mass, cortical, and trabecular microstructure was studied in 124 healthy women aged 20.4 ± 0.6 (sd) yr. Methods: At distal radius, areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) and microstructure were measured by high-resolution peripheral computerized tomography, including: total, cortical, and trabecular volumetric BMD and fraction; trabecular number, thickness, and spacing; cortical thickness (CTh); and cross-sectional area (CSA). Results: Median MENA was 12.9 yr. Mean aBMD T score of the whole cohort was slightly positive. aBMD was inversely correlated to MENA for total radius (R = −0.21; P = 0.018), diaphysis (R = −0.18; P = 0.043), and metaphysis (R = −0.19; P = 0.031). Subjects with MENA more than the median [LATER: 14.0 ± 0.7 (±sd) yr] had lower aBMD than those with MENA less than the median (EARLIER: 12.1 ± 0.7 yr) in total radius (P = 0.026), diaphysis (P = 0.042), and metaphysis (P = 0.046). LATER vs. EARLIER displayed lower total volumetric BMD (315 ± 54 vs. 341 ± 56 mg HA/cm3; P = 0.010), cortical volumetric BMD (874 ± 49 vs. 901 ± 44 mg HA/cm3; P = 0.003), and CTh (774 ± 170 vs. 849 ± 191 μm; P = 0.023). CTh was inversely related to CSA (R = −0.46; P < 0.001). In LATER reduced CTh was associated with 5% increased CSA. Conclusions: In healthy young adult women, a 1.9-yr difference in mean MENA was associated with lower radial aBMD T score, lower CTh without reduced CSA, a finding compatible with less endocortical accrual. It may explain how late menarche is a risk factor for forearm osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Paternal Skeletal Size Predicts Intrauterine Bone Mineral Accrual

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 1676-1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Harvey ◽  
M. K. Javaid ◽  
J. R. Poole ◽  
P. Taylor ◽  
S. M. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Body Build ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Skeletal Size ◽  
Fat Stores ◽  
Bone Mineral Accrual

Abstract Background: We have previously demonstrated that maternal body build and lifestyle factors predict neonatal bone mineral accrual. However, the paternal determinants of neonatal bone mass are not known. In this study we explored the relationship between a father’s bone mass and that of his offspring. Methods: A total of 278 pregnancies (142 male and 136 female neonates) were recruited from the Southampton Women’s Survey, a unique, well-established cohort of women, aged 20–34 yr, who had been assessed before and during pregnancy. The neonates and their fathers underwent whole body dual-x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) within 2 wk of birth using a Lunar DPX (General Electric Corp., Madison, WI) and Hologic Discovery instrument (Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA), respectively; correlation and regression methods were used to explore the parental determinants of neonatal bone mass. Results: After adjusting the paternal DXA indices for father’s age and the neonatal for baby’s gestational age and age at DXA scan, there were highly significant positive associations between baby’s whole body bone area, bone mineral content, and bone mineral density and the corresponding indices in the father (P = 0.003, 0.0002, 0.046, respectively) among female infants. These relationships were independent of maternal height and fat stores. The associations for male infants with paternal DXA indices did not achieve statistical significance. Conclusions: The father’s skeletal size predicts skeletal size more strongly in female than male offspring, independently of the mother’s body build. These data point toward the importance of considering paternal genotype in studies exploring the developmental origins of osteoporotic fracture and raise intriguing mechanistic questions about the gender specificity of influences on intrauterine bone mineral accrual.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Status as a Determinant of Peak Bone Mass in Young Finnish Men

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ville-Valtteri Välimäki ◽  
Henrik Alfthan ◽  
Eero Lehmuskallio ◽  
Eliisa Löyttyniemi ◽  
Timo Sahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Vitamin D Status

Severe vitamin D deficiency causes rickets, but scarce data are available about the extent to which vitamin D status determines the development of the peak bone mass in young adults. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency [serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) less than the lower limit of the reference range of 20–105 nmol/liter] and the relationship between vitamin D status and peak bone mass among young Finnish men. A cross-sectional study of determinants of peak bone mass with data on lifestyle factors collected retrospectively was performed in 220 young men, aged 18.3–20.6 yr. One hundred and seventy men were recruits of the Finnish Army, and 50 were men of similar age who had postponed their military service for reasons not related to health. Bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and scan area were measured in lumbar spine and upper femur by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Serum 25-OHD concentrations were followed prospectively for 1 yr. In July 2000, only 0.9% of the men had vitamin D deficiency, but 6 months later, in the winter, the respective percentage was 38.9%. After adjusting for age, height, weight, exercise, smoking, calcium, and alcohol intake, there existed a positive correlation between serum 25-OHD and bone mineral content at lumbar spine (P = 0.057), femoral neck (P = 0.041), trochanter (P = 0.010), and total hip (P = 0.025). The correlation coefficients for the bone mineral densities at the four measurement sites were 0.035, 0.061, 0.056, and 0.068, respectively. No correlation was found to scan area. We conclude that vitamin D deficiency is very common in Finnish young men in the winter, and it may have detrimental effects on the acquisition of maximal peak bone mass. As in Finland vitamin D supplementation to infants is now stopped at the age of 3 yr, it can be asked whether at our latitude it should be continued from that age onward, not for the prevention of rickets, but as prophylaxis for osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Cortical Consolidation due to Increased Mineralization and Endosteal Contraction in Young Adult Men: A Five-Year Longitudinal Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 2262-2269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claes Ohlsson ◽  
Anna Darelid ◽  
Martin Nilsson ◽  
Johanna Melin ◽  
Dan Mellström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Peak Bone Mass ◽  
Volumetric Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
X Ray

Abstract Context: Peak bone mass is an important factor in the lifetime risk of developing osteoporosis. Large, longitudinal studies investigating the age of attainment of site-specific peak bone mass are lacking. Objective and Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measures were to determine the site-specific development of peak bone mass in appendicular and axial skeletal sites and in the trabecular and cortical bone compartments, using both dual x-ray absorptiometry and peripheral computed tomography. Design, Setting, and Population: In total, 833 men [aged 24.1 ± 0.6 yr (mean ± sd)] from the original population-based Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants Study (n = 1068) were included in this follow-up examination at 61.2 ± 2.3 months. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was measured with dual x-ray absorptiometry, whereas cortical and trabecular volumetric bone mineral density and bone size were measured by peripheral computed tomography at baseline and at the 5-yr follow-up. Results: During the 5-yr study period, aBMD of the total body, lumbar spine, and radius increased by 3.4, 4.2, and 7.8%, respectively, whereas a decrease in aBMD of the total hip of 1.9% was observed (P < 0.0001). Increments of 2.1 and 0.7% were seen for cortical volumetric bone mineral density of the radius and tibia, respectively (P < 0.0001), whereas cortical thickness increased by 3.8% at the radius and 6.5% at the tibia due to diminished endosteal circumference (radius 2.3% and tibia 4.6%, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: aBMD decreased at the hip but increased at the spine and radius, in which the increment was explained by continued mineralization and augmented cortical thickness due to endosteal contraction in men between ages 19 and 24 yr.

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