scholarly journals ΔFosB Requires Galanin, but not Leptin, to Increase Bone Mass via the Hypothalamus, but both are needed to increase Energy expenditure

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1707-1720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Idelevich ◽  
Kazusa Sato ◽  
Kenichi Nagano ◽  
Glenn Rowe ◽  
Francesca Gori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Increase Bone Mass ◽  
Increase Energy Expenditure

Plasma leptin in transition dairy cows. Effects of body fatness, ambient temperature and dietary factors

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 92-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kokkonen ◽  
J. Taponen ◽  
S. Alasuutari ◽  
M. Nousiainen ◽  
T. Anttila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Increase Energy Expenditure ◽  
Transition Dairy Cows ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Plasma Leptin

In ruminants plasma leptin is increased with increasing body fatness. Leptin acts on hypothalamus to decrease food intake and increase energy expenditure. It is possible that leptin has a key role in transition from pregnancy to lactation of dairy cows. The objective of the present work was to investigate the pattern of plasma leptin concentration, as well as its relationship with other hormones and metabolites and dairy cow performance.

Aging and the Osteogenic Response to Mechanical Loading

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (s1) ◽  
pp. S137-S142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy M. Kohrt
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Bone Modeling ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Increase Bone Mass ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Osteogenic Response

The osteogenic response to mechanical stress is blunted with aging. It has been postulated that this decline in responsiveness is related to (a) a limited ability to engender the strain necessary to reach the bone modeling threshold, due to decreased muscle mass and strength, and/or (b) a decline in certain hormones or growth factors that may interact with mechanical signals to change the sensitivity of bone cells to strain. There is reason to believe that both of these factors contribute to the reduced ability to increase bone mass through exercise with advancing age. Weight-bearing endurance exercise and resistance exercise have both been found to increase bone mass in older women and men. However, exercise training studies involving older individuals have generally resulted in increased bone mineral density only when the exercise is quite vigorous. There is also evidence that the osteogenic response to mechanical loading is enhanced by estrogens. Whether age-related changes in other factors (e.g., other hormones, growth factors, cytokines) also contribute to the reduced responsiveness of the aged skeleton to mechanical loading remains to be investigated.

scholarly journals Assessment of Active Video Games’ Energy Expenditure in Children with Overweight and Obesity and Differences by Gender

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6714
Author(s):  
Cristina Comeras-Chueca ◽  
Lorena Villalba-Heredia ◽  
Marcos Pérez-Llera ◽  
Gabriel Lozano-Berges ◽  
Jorge Marín-Puyalto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Nintendo Wii ◽  
Active Video Games ◽  
Increase Energy Expenditure ◽  
Active Video ◽  
Xbox Kinect ◽  
The Individual

(1) Background: Childhood obesity has become a main global health problem and active video games (AVG) could be used to increase energy expenditure. The aim of this study was to investigate the energy expenditure during an AVG intervention combined with exercise, differentiating by gender. (2) Methods: A total of 45 children with overweight or obesity (19 girls) performed an AVG intervention combined with exercise. The AVG used were the Xbox Kinect, Nintendo Wii, dance mats, BKOOL cycling simulator, and Nintendo Switch. The energy expenditure was estimated from the heart rate recorded during the sessions and the data from the individual maximal tests. (3) Results: The mean energy expenditure was 315.1 kilocalories in a one-hour session. Participants spent the most energy on BKOOL, followed by Ring Fit Adventures, Dance Mats, Xbox Kinect, and the Nintendo Wii, with significant differences between BKOOL and the Nintendo Wii. Significant differences between boys and girls were found, but were partially due to the difference in weight, VO2max, and fat-free mass. (4) Conclusions: The energy expenditure with AVG combined with multi-component exercise was 5.68 kcal/min in boys and 4.66 kcal/min in girls with overweight and obesity. AVG could be an effective strategy to increase energy expenditure in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Protein kinase A induces UCP1 expression in specific adipose depots to increase energy expenditure and improve metabolic health

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (1) ◽  
pp. R79-R88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna M. Dickson ◽  
Shriya Gandhi ◽  
Brian T. Layden ◽  
Ronald N. Cohen ◽  
Barton Wicksteed
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Increase Energy Expenditure ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Pka Regulatory Subunit

Adipose tissue PKA has roles in adipogenesis, lipolysis, and mitochondrial function. PKA transduces the cAMP signal downstream of G protein-coupled receptors, which are being explored for therapeutic manipulation to reduce obesity and improve metabolic health. This study aimed to determine the overall physiological consequences of PKA activation in adipose tissue. Mice expressing an activated PKA catalytic subunit in adipose tissue (Adipoq-caPKA mice) showed increased PKA activity in subcutaneous, epididymal, and mesenteric white adipose tissue (WAT) depots and brown adipose tissue (BAT) compared with controls. Adipoq-caPKA mice weaned onto a high-fat diet (HFD) or switched to the HFD at 26 wk of age were protected from diet-induced weight gain. Metabolic health was improved, with enhanced insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and β-cell function. Adipose tissue health was improved, with smaller adipocyte size and reduced macrophage engulfment of adipocytes. Using metabolic cages, we found that Adipoq-caPKA mice were shown to have increased energy expenditure, but no difference to littermate controls in physical activity or food consumption. Immunoblotting of adipose tissue showed increased expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) in BAT and dramatic UCP1 induction in subcutaneous WAT, but no induction in the visceral depots. Feeding a HFD increased PKA activity in epididymal WAT of wild-type mice compared with chow, but did not change PKA activity in subcutaneous WAT or BAT. This was associated with changes in PKA regulatory subunit expression. This study shows that adipose tissue PKA activity is sufficient to increase energy expenditure and indicates that PKA is a beneficial target in metabolic health.

Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, pentoxifylline and rolipram, increase bone mass mainly by promoting bone formation in normal mice

Bone ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Kinoshita ◽  
S Kobayashi ◽  
S Ebara ◽  
Y Yoshimura ◽  
H Horiuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors ◽  
Increase Bone Mass

ENERGY EXPENDITURE FROM PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND BONE MASS AMONG ADOLESCENTS

2003 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 163-164
Author(s):  
MB Mann ◽  
P.H. FACN ◽  
LH Clemens ◽  
T Smith
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Bone Mass

Energy Expenditure During Acute Periods of Sitting, Standing, and Walking

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth A. Creasy ◽  
Renee J. Rogers ◽  
Thomas D. Byard ◽  
Robert J. Kowalsky ◽  
John M. Jakicic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Laptop Computer ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Increase Energy Expenditure ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Harmful Effects

Background:Identifying strategies to increase energy expenditure (EE) may help combat the harmful effects of sedentary behavior. This study examined EE during sitting, standing, and walking.Methods:Participants (N = 74) were randomized to 2 of the following activities: sitting using a laptop computer (SIT-C), sitting watching television (SIT-T), standing watching television (STAND), and walking at a self-selected pace ≤3.0 (mph) (WALK). Each activity lasted 15 minutes with a 3-minute transition period between activities. The experimental conditions were: SIT-C to STAND (N = 18), SIT-T to WALK (N = 18), STAND to SIT-C (N = 20), and WALK to SIT-T (N = 18). EE was measured using indirect calorimetry.Results:Based on the first activity performed, EE during WALK (55.92 ± 14.19 kcal) was significantly greater than SIT-C (19.63 ± 6.90 kcal), SIT-T (18.66 ± 4.01 kcal), and STAND (21.92 ± 5.08 kcal) (P < .001). Cumulative EE in SIT-T to WALK (74.50 ± 17.88 kcal) and WALK to SIT-T (82.72 ± 21.70 kcal) was significantly greater than EE in SIT-C to STAND (45.38 ± 14.78 kcal) and STAND to SIT-C (45.64 ± 9.69 kcal) (P < .001).Conclusions:Conclusion: Substituting periods of sitting or standing with walking significantly increases EE, but substituting periods of sitting with standing may not affect EE. Thus, the potential benefits of standing as opposed to sitting need further investigation beyond the role of EE.

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