Mechanical Vibration Mitigates the Decrease of Bone Quantity and Bone Quality of Leptin Receptor‐Deficient Db/Db Mice by Promoting Bone Formation and Inhibiting Bone Resorption

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1713-1724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Jing ◽  
Erping Luo ◽  
Jing Cai ◽  
Shichao Tong ◽  
Mingming Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Bone Quantity

scholarly journals Strategic Implants under Existing Partial Removable Dentures, Why, How Many, and Which Type?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Al Jaghsi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Chewing Ability ◽  
Removable Denture ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Implant Therapy ◽  
Bone Quantity ◽  
Improve Patient

Inserting strategic implants under existing removable partial dentures requires a comprehensive understanding of removable prosthodontic basics and possible designs, as well as a thorough understanding of implant therapy. Prior to the widespread adoption of implants as standard prosthetic therapy, remaining roots were preserved and used to minimize bone resorption under the removable denture. Root-supported overdentures become less common after the overwhelming clinical studies that emphasize dental implants’ reliability and high success and survival rate. Fixed prostheses cannot be used to treat a severely decreased dentition unless a significant number of implants can be inserted, sufficient bone quantity and quality are available, and the patients can afford the treatment. On the other hand, using strategic implants under existing RPD upgrades the design to a more favorable support type. It improves patient satisfaction with the RPD in speaking, chewing, retention, stability, and RPD support. This improvement could be reached earlier if the patient received immediate loading. Strategic implants can also improve chewing ability, stabilize the occlusion, increase bite force and improve patient oral health-related quality of life. Moreover, better distribution of occlusal forces that may reduce bone resorption may be gained. Furthermore, strategic implants can improve comfort, confidence, and esthetics by reducing the RPD size and removing the retainers from the esthetic zone.

scholarly journals Multi-Targeting DKK1 and LRP6 Prevents Myeloma-Induced Bone Disease

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1605-1605
Author(s):  
Marija K Simic ◽  
Sindhu T Mohanty ◽  
Ya Xiao ◽  
Tegan L Cheng ◽  
Feng Cong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Combination Strategy ◽  
Targeted Treatments ◽  
Microct Analysis

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterised by an expansion of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow, systemic bone loss and destructive osteolytic bone lesions. These are mediated by an imbalance in bone remodeling, in which bone resorption is exacerbated and bone formation is suppressed. More than 90% of MM patients present with osteolytic lesions that can lead to pain and increased risk of fracture, significantly impacting their quality of life. Bone-targeted treatments currently used in the clinic can suppress lesion progression and reduce fracture risk, however these agents cannot replace lost bone and patients continue to fracture. Therapeutic strategies aimed at promoting bone formation are therefore required to overcome the loss of skeletal integrity and subsequent fractures in MM patients. Therapeutic agents that target the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, a potent regulator of bone formation, have the potential to address these skeletal complications, where they could rebuild lost bone and improve bone strength in affected individuals. We have demonstrated a novel anti-LRP6 agent, which potentiates Wnt signaling through binding the Wnt receptor LRP6, prevented the development of myeloma-induced bone loss primarily through preventing bone resorption. However, since MM patients present with both increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation, we hypothesised that combining anti-LRP6 with the bone anabolic anti-DKK1 (100mg/kg twice weekly intravenously) would lead to more robust improvements in bone structure than single treatment approaches. MicroCT analysis demonstrated a 74% increase in femoral trabecular bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV) in naïve, non-tumour bearing mice given the combination treatment compared to control agents (p<0.0001). Mice injected with 5TGM1eGFP murine myeloma cells had a 34% reduction in femoral BV/TV compared to naïve controls (p<0.0001). Combination treatment drastically improved BV/TV in 5TGM1-bearing mice by 111% (p<0.0001), compared to control, and this improvement with the combination treatment strategy was 25% greater than anti-LRP6 single treatment approaches (p<0.001). MicroCT analysis in L4 lumbar vertebrae demonstrated similar bone structural changes in 5TGM1-bearing mice treated with the combination strategy. Consequently, this combination significantly improved resistance to fracture in L4 vertebrae in 5TGM1eGFP-bearing mice compared to their controls (p<0.001), and it provided greater protection against fracture compared to anti-LRP6 single agent treatment. Interestingly, these improvements in bone volume were primarily due to reduced bone resorption, with significant reductions in osteoclast numbers and osteoclast surface per bone surface demonstrated in 5TGM1eGFP-bearing mice treated with the combination strategy (p<0.001) compared to control. Importantly, tumour activity was not altered with either single or combination Wnt-promoting treatment strategies. This study defines a novel therapeutic strategy, which will reduce fractures and improve quality of life in patients with MM when used in combination with tumour-targeted treatments. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Cong: Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research: Current Employment. Daley: Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research: Current Employment.

Association between leptin receptor gene polymorphism and quality of both meat and back fat in large white pigs of ukrainian breeding

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
V. Balatsky ◽  
I. Bankovska ◽  
A. Saienko
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Large White ◽  
Pig Breeds ◽  
Lepr Gene ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
White Breed

Leptin receptor is one of the components of the system of regulating energy homeostasis of the organism. Leptin receptor gene (LEPR) polymorphism is associated with pig carcass index of the content of intramus- cular fat in its valuable parts, which is particularly important when assessing the quality of their carcasses for processing. Intramuscular fat is associated with meat fl avor characteristics and partly determines its tenderness, juiciness, and other parameters. Aim. To analyze LEPR gene (SNP NM001024587.1, p. 1987 C > T) polymor- phism in populations of various pig breeds and to establish its relationship with the quality of both meat and fat of pigs of Large White breed of Ukrainian breeding. Methods. Genetic-population analysis of nine pig breeds, associative analysis on the search connection of LEPR gene polymorphism with quality of both meat and fat of pigs of Large White breed of Ukrainian breeding. LEPR locus genotyping was performed by High Resolution Melting (HRM). Results. All the studied breeds are characterized by polymorphism of the leptin receptor gene (SNP NM001024587.1, p. 1987 C > T), signifi cant breed specifi city in the distribution of frequencies of alleles was established. Statistically confi rmed effect (p < 0.05) of genotypes LEPR on the content of intramuscular fat, total dry matter and moisture in the meat, as well as the moisture content in the back fat of pigs of Ukrainian Large White breed was revealed. Higher content of intramuscular fat was found in the animals with genotype TT, while a smaller amount of intramuscular fat and more moisture in fat was revealed in heterozygotes. Conclusions. Genetic marker LEPR SNP NM001024587.1, p. 1987 C > T can be used in the marker-assisted selection to predict and improve the performance quality of the meat of pigs of Large White breed of the Ukrainian breeding. These results suggest that porcine leptin receptor gene controls the quality of fat comp- lex – inside muscles and in the dorsal part of the carcass.

Changes in bone metabolism associated with exposure to industrial vibration

2020 ◽  
pp. 766-766
Author(s):  
A. V. Sukhova ◽  
E. N. Kryuchkova
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Local Vibration ◽  
Markers Of Bone Formation

The influence of general and local vibration on bone remodeling processes is investigated. The interrelations between the long - term exposure of industrial vibration and indicators of bone mineral density (T-and Z-criteria), biochemical markers of bone formation (osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase) and bone resorption (ionized calcium, calcium/creatinine) were established.

scholarly journals Pharmacological inhibition of TAK1, with the selective inhibitor takinib, alleviates clinical manifestation of arthritis in CIA mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott A. Scarneo ◽  
Liesl S. Eibschutz ◽  
Phillip J. Bendele ◽  
Kelly W. Yang ◽  
Juliane Totzke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Periosteal Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Width

Abstract Objectives To examine the ability of takinib, a selective transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) inhibitor, to reduce the severity of murine type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), and to affect function of synovial cells. Methods Following the induction of CIA, mice were treated daily with takinib (50 mg/kg) and clinical scores assessed. Thirty-six days post-CIA induction, histology was performed on various joints of treated and vehicle-treated animals. Inflammation, pannus, cartilage damage, bone resorption, and periosteal bone formation were quantified. Furthermore, pharmacokinetics of takinib were evaluated by LC-MS in various tissues. Rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) cells were cultured with 10 μM takinib and cytokine secretion analyzed by cytokine/chemokine proteome array. Cytotoxicity of takinib for RA-FLS was measured with 24 to 48 h cultures in the presence or absence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Results Here, we show takinib’s ability to reduce the clinical score in the CIA mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (p < 0.001). TAK1 inhibition reduced inflammation (p < 0.01), cartilage damage (p < 0.01), pannus, bone resorption, and periosteal bone formation and periosteal bone width in all joints of treated mice compared to vehicle treated. Significant reduction of inflammation (p < 0.004) and cartilage damage (p < 0.004) were observed in the knees of diseased treated animals, with moderate reduction seen in the forepaws and hind paws. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of takinib show rapid plasma clearance (t½ = 21 min). In stimulated RA-FLS cells, takinib reduced GROα, G-CSF, and ICAM-1 pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling. Conclusion Our findings support the hypothesis that TAK1 targeted therapy represents a novel therapeutic axis to treat RA and other inflammatory diseases.

The changes in bone turnover markers of female systemic lupus erythematousus patients without glucocorticoid

Lupus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 965-971
Author(s):  
Wang Tianle ◽  
Zhang Yingying ◽  
Hong Baojian ◽  
Gu Juanfang ◽  
Wang Hongzhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Bone Turnover Markers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bone Resorption Marker ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Normal People ◽  
Turnover Markers

Objectives SLE is a chronic autoimmune disease, which can affect the level of bone metabolism and increase the risk of osteoporosis and fracture. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of SLE on bone turnover markers without the influence of glucocorticoids. Methods A total of 865 female subjects were recruited from Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital and the First Hospital of Jiaxing, including 391 SLE patients without the influence of glucocorticoids and 474 non-SLE people. We detected Bone turnover markers including amino-terminal propeptide of type 1 procollagen (P1NP), C-terminal turnover of β - I collagen (β-CTX), N-terminal midfragment of osteocalcin (NMID) and 25(OH)D, and analyzed the difference in Bone turnover markers between the SLE group and the control group, as well as the influence of age and season on bone metabolism in female SLE patients. Results In the SLE group, the average age was 43.93±13.95 years old. In the control group, the average age was 44.84±11.42 years old. There was no difference between the two groups (t = 1.03, P = 0.30). P1NP, NMID and 25(OH)D in the SLE group were significantly lower than those in the control group (Z = 8.44, p < 0.001; Z = 14.41, p < 0.001; Z = 2.19, p = 0.029), and β-CTX in the SLE group was significantly higher than that in the control group (Z = 2.61, p = 0.009). In addition, the levers of β-CTX, NMID, P1NP and 25(OH)D in older SLE female patients were statistically significantly higher than those in younger (ρ = 0.104, p = 0.041; ρ = 0.223, p < 0.001; ρ = 0.105, p = 0.038; ρ = 0.289, p < 0.001). Moreover, β-CTX reached a high value in summer and PINP reached a low value in winter. Conclusion The bone formation markers of female SLE patients without glucocorticoid were lower than those of normal people and the bone resorption marker was higher than that of normal people. The 25 (OH) D of female SLE patients without glucocorticoid was lower than that of normal people. The risk of osteoporosis and fracture may be higher in elderly women with SLE. The bone resorption level of female SLE patients is high in summer and the bone formation level is low in winter.

scholarly journals Nondestructive Detection of the Gel State of Preserved Eggs Based on Dielectric Impedance

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Cheng-Han Li ◽  
Chun-Hung Hsieh ◽  
Cheng-Chu Hung ◽  
Ching-Wei Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Decay Rate ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Nyquist Diagram ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

After completing the production of preserved eggs, traditionally, the degree of gelling is judged by allowing workers to tap the preserved eggs with their fingers and sense the resulting oscillations. The amount of oscillation is used for the quality classification. This traditional method produces varying results owing to the differences in the sensitivity of the individual workers, who are not objective. In this study, dielectric detection technology was used to classify the preserved eggs nondestructively. The impedance in the frequency range of 2–300 kHz was resolved into resistance and reactance, and was plotted on a Nyquist diagram. Next, the diagram curve was fitted in order to obtain the equivalent circuit, and the difference in the compositions of the equivalent circuits corresponding to gelled and non-gelled preserved eggs was analyzed. A preserved egg can be considered an RLC series circuit, and its decay rate is consistent with the decay rate given by mechanical vibration theory. The Nyquist diagrams for the resistance and reactance of preserved eggs clearly showed that the resistance and reactance of gelled and non-gelled eggs were quite different, and the classification of the eggs was performed using Bayesian network (BN). The results showed that a BN classifier with two variables, i.e., resistance and reactance, can be used to classify preserved eggs as gelled or non-gelled, with an accuracy of 81.0% and a kappa value of 0.62. Thus, a BN classifier based on resistance and reactance demonstrates the ability to classify the quality of preserved egg gel. This research provides a nondestructive method for the inspection of the quality of preserved egg gel, and provides a theoretical basis for the development of an automated preserved egg inspection system that can be used as the scientific basis for the determination of the quality of preserved eggs.

scholarly journals The Development of Molecular Biology of Osteoporosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8182
Author(s):  
Yongguang Gao ◽  
Suryaji Patil ◽  
Jingxian Jia
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Bone Disorders ◽  
Molecular Aspects

Osteoporosis is one of the major bone disorders that affects both women and men, and causes bone deterioration and bone strength. Bone remodeling maintains bone mass and mineral homeostasis through the balanced action of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone formation and bone resorption, respectively. The imbalance in bone remodeling is known to be the main cause of osteoporosis. The imbalance can be the result of the action of various molecules produced by one bone cell that acts on other bone cells and influence cell activity. The understanding of the effect of these molecules on bone can help identify new targets and therapeutics to prevent and treat bone disorders. In this article, we have focused on molecules that are produced by osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts and their mechanism of action on these cells. We have also summarized the different pharmacological osteoporosis treatments that target different molecular aspects of these bone cells to minimize osteoporosis.

scholarly journals SLPI is a critical mediator that controls PTH-induced bone formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akito Morimoto ◽  
Junichi Kikuta ◽  
Keizo Nishikawa ◽  
Takao Sudo ◽  
Maki Uenaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Serine Protease ◽  
Serine Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor ◽  
Bone Imaging ◽  
Genetic Ablation

AbstractOsteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation/replenishment are closely coupled in bone metabolism. Anabolic parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is commonly used for treating osteoporosis, shifts the balance from osteoclastic to osteoblastic, although it is unclear how these cells are coordinately regulated by PTH. Here, we identify a serine protease inhibitor, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), as a critical mediator that is involved in the PTH-mediated shift to the osteoblastic phase. Slpi is highly upregulated in osteoblasts by PTH, while genetic ablation of Slpi severely impairs PTH-induced bone formation. Slpi induction in osteoblasts enhances its differentiation, and increases osteoblast–osteoclast contact, thereby suppressing osteoclastic function. Intravital bone imaging reveals that the PTH-mediated association between osteoblasts and osteoclasts is disrupted in the absence of SLPI. Collectively, these results demonstrate that SLPI regulates the communication between osteoblasts and osteoclasts to promote PTH-induced bone anabolism.

scholarly journals Lumican Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Resorption by Suppressing Akt Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4717
Author(s):  
Jin-Young Lee ◽  
Da-Ae Kim ◽  
Eun-Young Kim ◽  
Eun-Ju Chang ◽  
So-Jeong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Map Kinases ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dual Action ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Resorptive Activity

Lumican, a ubiquitously expressed small leucine-rich proteoglycan, has been utilized in diverse biological functions. Recent experiments demonstrated that lumican stimulates preosteoblast viability and differentiation, leading to bone formation. To further understand the role of lumican in bone metabolism, we investigated its effects on osteoclast biology. Lumican inhibited both osteoclast differentiation and in vitro bone resorption in a dose-dependent manner. Consistent with this, lumican markedly decreased the expression of osteoclastogenesis markers. Moreover, the migration and fusion of preosteoclasts and the resorptive activity per osteoclast were significantly reduced in the presence of lumican, indicating that this protein affects most stages of osteoclastogenesis. Among RANKL-dependent pathways, lumican inhibited Akt but not MAP kinases such as JNK, p38, and ERK. Importantly, co-treatment with an Akt activator almost completely reversed the effect of lumican on osteoclast differentiation. Taken together, our findings revealed that lumican inhibits osteoclastogenesis by suppressing Akt activity. Thus, lumican plays an osteoprotective role by simultaneously increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resorption, suggesting that it represents a dual-action therapeutic target for osteoporosis.

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