scholarly journals Bone Geometry, Volumetric Density, Microarchitecture, and Estimated Bone Strength Assessed by HR-pQCT in Klinefelter Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2474-2482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram V Shanbhogue ◽  
Stinus Hansen ◽  
Niklas Rye Jørgensen ◽  
Kim Brixen ◽  
Claus H Gravholt
Keyword(s):  
Bone Strength ◽  
Klinefelter Syndrome ◽  
Bone Geometry ◽  
Volumetric Density

Bone Geometry, Volumetric Density, Microarchitecture, and Estimated Bone Strength Assessed by HR-pQCT in Adult Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2188-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram V Shanbhogue ◽  
Stinus Hansen ◽  
Morten Frost ◽  
Niklas Rye Jørgensen ◽  
Anne Pernille Hermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Bone Geometry ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Volumetric Density

scholarly journals Bone Geometry, Volumetric Density, Microarchitecture, and Estimated Bone Strength Assessed by HR-pQCT in Adult Patients With Hypophosphatemic Rickets

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram V Shanbhogue ◽  
Stinus Hansen ◽  
Lars Folkestad ◽  
Kim Brixen ◽  
Signe Sparre Beck-Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Strength ◽  
Bone Geometry ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Hypophosphatemic Rickets ◽  
Volumetric Density

scholarly journals Effects of a Randomized Weight Loss Intervention Trial in Obese Adolescents on Tibia and Radius Bone Geometry and Volumetric Density

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C Kelley ◽  
Nicolas Stettler-Davis ◽  
Mary B Leonard ◽  
Douglas Hill ◽  
Brian H Wrotniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Bone Geometry ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Intervention Trial ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Volumetric Density

scholarly journals Mechanical influences on bone development in children

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S27-S31 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Schoenau ◽  
O Fricke
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Bone Geometry ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Function ◽  
Muscle System ◽  
Physiological Load ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
The Stability

This review focuses on methodological concepts in the evaluation of skeletal muscle function and on adaptation. It is now thought that the critical property of bone is strength rather than weight, and that control of bone strength is mainly exercised through the effect of the mechanical loads brought to bear on bone. Muscle contraction places the greatest physiological load on bone, and so the stability of bone must be adapted to muscle strength (the functional muscle–bone unit). The described suggestions and recommendations outline a new concept: bone mass and strength should not be related to age. There is now more and more evidence that bone mass and strength should be related to muscle function. Thus analyzed, there is no such entity as ‘peak bone mass’. Many studies are presently under way to evaluate whether these novel approaches increase the sensitivity and specificity of fracture prediction in an individual. Furthermore, the focus of many bone researchers is shifting away from bone mass to bone geometry or bone strength and their relationship with the driving muscle system.

scholarly journals Influence of two different GH dosage regimens on final height, bone geometry and bone strength in GH-deficient children

2006 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Radetti ◽  
Gianluca D’Addato ◽  
Davide Gatti ◽  
Mauro Bozzola ◽  
Silvano Adami
Keyword(s):  
Bone Strength ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Bone Geometry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dosage Regimens ◽  
Height Gain ◽  
Total Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective: The aim was to investigate the effects of two different GH dosage regimens on growth, bone geometry and bone strength. Subjects and methods: Final height; parentally adjusted final height; the metacarpal index (MI) SDS, the inner and outer diameters; and the total cross-sectional area (CSA), cortical CSA, medullary CSA and bone strength (Bending Breaking Resistance Index (BBRI)) were evaluated at the metacarpal site in two cohorts of GH-deficient children, treated with two different doses of GH. Group 1 (38 patients) was treated with 0.16 mg/kg body weight per week of GH and group 2 (37 patients) with 0.3 mg/kg per week. Results: At the end of treatment, with group 1 vs group 2, height SDS was −0.84 ± 1.07 vs −0.46 ± 0.76, and parentally adjusted height SDS was 0.14 ± 1.08 vs 0.27 ± 0.82. Parentally adjusted relative height gain was 1.14 ± 0.89 vs 2.14 ± 0.72 SDS (P < 0.0001). MI SDS was 0.58 ± 1.31 vs −0.42 ± 1.54 (P < 0.005). MI SDS gain was 0.07 ± 1.41 vs −0.35 ± 1.85. There was no difference between groups in the outer and inner diameter, in the total and cortical CSAs, whereas medullary CSA was higher in group 2 (P < 0.05). BBRI was 10.02 ± 5.37 vs 11.52 ± 5.49 cm3, and BBRI gain was 3.33 ± 5.06 vs 6.88 ± 6.65 (P = 0.01). P values were assessed using student’s t-test. Conclusion: Higher GH doses result in a greater height gain and improved bone strength.

scholarly journals Objectively-measured sedentary time, habitual physical activity and bone strength in adults aged 62 years: the Newcastle Thousand Families Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
K Hind ◽  
L Hayes ◽  
L Basterfield ◽  
M S Pearce ◽  
F Birrell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Bone Geometry ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Clinical Risk Factor ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
North East ◽  
Objectively Measured

Abstract Background The influence of sedentary time and habitual physical activity on the bone health of middle aged adults is not well known. Methods Bone mineral density (BMD) and hip bone geometry were evaluated in 214 men (n = 92) and women (n = 112) aged 62.1 ± 0.5 years from the Newcastle Thousand Families Study birth cohort. Accelerometry was used to measure physical activity (PA) and sedentary time over 4 days. Regression models were adjusted for clinical risk factor covariates. Results Men were more sedentary than women (P &lt; 0.05), and sedentary time was negatively associated with spine BMD in men, with 84 minutes more sedentary time corresponding to 0.268 g.cm−2 lower BMD (β = −0.268; P = 0.017). In men, light PA and steps/day were positively associated with bone geometry and BMD. Steps/day was positively associated with bone geometry and femur BMD in women, with a positive difference of 1415 steps/day corresponding to 0.232 g.cm−2 greater BMD (β = 0.232, P = 0.015). Conclusions Sedentary time was unfavourably associated with bone strength in men born in North East England at age 62 years. Higher volumes of light PA, and meeting the public health daily step recommendations (10 000 steps/day) was positively associated with bone health in both sexes.

scholarly journals Effects of Odanacatib on the Radius and Tibia of Postmenopausal Women: Improvements in Bone Geometry, Microarchitecture, and Estimated Bone Strength

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1786-1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M Cheung ◽  
Sharmila Majumdar ◽  
Kim Brixen ◽  
Roland Chapurlat ◽  
Thomas Fuerst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Bone Geometry

scholarly journals Modifying the Gut Microbiome Through Diet or Antibiotics Alters Bone Phenotypes in Older Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1184-1184
Author(s):  
Kelsey Smith ◽  
Macy Castaneda ◽  
Chia-Fang Tsai ◽  
Sarah Francisco ◽  
Jacob Nixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bone Geometry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Tissue Quality ◽  
Section Modulus

Abstract Objectives Gut microbiota have been shown to influence bone quality and quantity, both risk determinants for osteoporosis. Previous research in young mice showed oral antibiotic treatment during rapid bone gain impaired bone tissue quality. We sought to determine if modifying the gut microbiome of aged mice through diet or antibiotic treatment affects bone geometry and/or strength. Methods A high (HG) or low glycemic (LG) diet was fed in equal amounts to 12-mo. male mice. The diets differed only by starch composition, which was 100% rapidly digested amylopectin in the HG diet or 30% amylopectin/70% amylose in the LG diet. A third group received the LG diet containing antibiotics (ampicillin and neomycin; LGAbx). Feces were collected at baseline and after 10 months of treatment and 16s rRNA sequencing was performed followed by ecological diversity and differential abundance analysis. Femora were harvested after 12 months of treatment for analysis of bone geometry and strength via mechanical testing and imaging. Results Antibiotic treatment reduced alpha diversity, including an average 92% reduction in observed OTUs from baseline compared with 30% reduction in the other groups. Both diet and antibiotic treatment significantly altered taxonomic composition, including an expansion of Proteobacteria in response to antibiotics. Whole bone strength is determined by a combination of the section modulus (the measure of geometry most closely related to bending strength) and the mechanical properties of the bone tissue itself. In HG-fed mice the section modulus was greater than that of the other groups and the bone showed a correspondingly greater strength. However, in LGAbx-fed mice the whole bone strength was 22% lower than bones with similar section modulus in the LG and HG-fed groups, indicating impaired bone tissue material properties. Conclusions Altering diet resulted in significant changes to bone geometry and strength, while changes in the gut microbiota associated with antibiotic treatment resulted in a reduction to bone strength which could not be explained by bone geometry. Our study indicates that dietary or antibiotics treatments applied to mice later in life can alter bone properties, which suggests that interventions to improve bone strength may be effective in older adults. Funding Sources NIH/NIAMS, BrightFocus Foundation, Stanley N. Gershoff Scholarship.

scholarly journals The Microbial Metagenome and Tissue Composition in Mice with Microbiome-Induced Reductions in Bone Strength

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D Guss ◽  
Erik Taylor ◽  
Zach Rouse ◽  
Sebastian Roubert ◽  
Catherine H Higgins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Strength ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Geometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metagenomic Analysis ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Microbial Genes

ABSTRACTThe genetic components of microbial species that inhabit the body are known collectively as the microbiome. Modifications to the microbiome have been implicated in disease processes throughout the body and have recently been shown to influence bone. Prior work has associated changes in the microbial taxonomy (phyla, class, species, etc.) in the gut with bone phenotypes but has provided limited information regarding mechanisms. With the goal of achieving a more mechanistic understanding of the effects of the microbiome on bone, we perform a metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiome that provides information on the functional capacity of the microbes (all microbial genes present) rather than only characterizing the microbial taxa. Male C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to disruption of the gut microbiota (ΔMicrobiome) using oral antibiotics (from 4-16 weeks of age) or remained untreated (n=6-7/group). Disruption of the gut microbiome in this manner has been shown to lead to reductions in tissue mechanical properties and whole bone strength in adulthood with only minor changes in bone geometry and density. ΔMicrobiome led to modifications in the abundance of microbial genes responsible for the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall and capsule; bacterially synthesized carbohydrates; and bacterially synthesized vitamins (B and K) (p <0.01). Follow up analysis focused on vitamin K, a factor that has previously been associated with bone health. The vitamin K content of the cecum, liver and kidneys was primarily microbe-derived forms of vitamin K (menaquinones) and was decreased by 32-66% in ΔMicrobiome mice compared to untreated animals (p < 0.01). Bone mineral crystallinity was decreased (p=0.01) was decreased in ΔMicrobiome mice (p < 0.001) and matrix carbonate-phosphoate ratio was increased. This study illustrates the use of metagenomic analysis to link the microbiome to bone phenotypes and implicates microbially synthesized vitamin-K as a regulator of bone matrix quality.

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