scholarly journals The amount of periosteal apposition required to maintain bone strength during aging depends on adult bone morphology and tissue-modulus degradation rate

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1916-1926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl J Jepsen ◽  
Nelly Andarawis-Puri
Keyword(s):  
Bone Strength ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Periosteal Apposition ◽  
Tissue Modulus ◽  
Adult Bone

scholarly journals Body Anthropometry and Bone Strength Conjointly Determine the Risk of Hip Fracture in a Sideways Fall

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Palanca ◽  
Egon Perilli ◽  
Saulo Martelli
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Impact Energy ◽  
Fracture Pattern ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Fracture Dynamics ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sideways Fall

AbstractWe hypothesize that variations of body anthropometry, conjointly with the bone strength, determine the risk of hip fracture. To test the hypothesis, we compared, in a simulated sideways fall, the hip impact energy to the energy needed to fracture the femur. Ten femurs from elderly donors were tested using a novel drop-tower protocol for replicating the hip fracture dynamics during a fall on the side. The impact energy was varied for each femur according to the donor’s body weight, height and soft-tissue thickness, by adjusting the drop height and mass. The fracture pattern, force, energy, strain in the superior femoral neck, bone morphology and microarchitecture were evaluated. Fracture patterns were consistent with clinically relevant hip fractures, and the superior neck strains and timings were comparable with the literature. The hip impact energy (11 – 95 J) and the fracture energy (11 – 39 J) ranges overlapped and showed comparable variance (CV = 69 and 61%, respectively). The aBMD-based definition of osteoporosis correctly classified 7 (70%) fracture/non-fracture cases. The incorrectly classified cases presented large impact energy variations, morphology variations and large subcortical voids as seen in microcomputed tomography. In conclusion, the risk of osteoporotic hip fracture in a sideways fall depends on both body anthropometry and bone strength.

scholarly journals Limb bone morphology, bone strength, and cursoriality in lagomorphs

2014 ◽  
Vol 225 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse W. Young ◽  
Robert Danczak ◽  
Gabrielle A. Russo ◽  
Connie D. Fellmann
Keyword(s):  
Bone Strength ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Limb Bone

scholarly journals Acute hypothalamic suppression significantly affects trabecular bone but not cortical bone following recovery and ovariectomy surgery in a rat model

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1575
Author(s):  
Vanessa R. Yingling ◽  
Kathryn A. Mitchell ◽  
Megan Lunny
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Bone Volume ◽  
Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Bone Morphology ◽  
Bone Stiffness ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Polar Moment ◽  
Injection Protocol

Background.Osteoporosis is “a pediatric disease with geriatric consequences.” Bone morphology and tissue quality co-adapt during ontogeny for sufficient bone stiffness. Altered bone morphology from hypothalamic amenorrhea, a risk factor for low bone mass in women, may affect bone strength later in life. Our purpose was to determine if altered morphology following hypothalamic suppression during development affects cortical bone strength and trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) at maturity.Methods.Female rats (25 days old) were assigned to a control (C) group (n= 45) that received saline injections (.2 cc) or an experimental group (GnRH-a) (n= 45) that received gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist injections (.24 mg per dose) for 25 days. Fifteen animals from each group were sacrificed immediately after the injection protocol at Day 50 (C, GnRH-a). The remaining animals recovered for 135 days and a subset of each group was sacrificed at Day 185 ((C-R) (n= 15) and (G-R) (n= 15)). The remaining animals had an ovariectomy surgery (OVX) at 185 days of age and were sacrificed 40 days later (C-OVX) (n= 15) and (G-OVX) (n= 15). After sacrifice femurs were mechanically tested and scanned using micro CT. Serum C-terminal telopeptides (CTX) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were measured. Two-way ANOVA (2 groups (GnRH-a and Control) X 3 time points (Injection Protocol, Recovery, post-OVX)) was computed.Results.GnRH-a injections suppressed uterine weights (72%) and increased CTX levels by 59%. Bone stiffness was greater in the GnRH-a groups compared to C. Ash content and cortical bone area were similar between groups at all time points. Polar moment of inertia, a measure of bone architecture, was 15% larger in the GnRH-a group and remained larger than C (19%) following recovery. Both the polar moment of inertia and cortical area increased linearly with the increases in body weight. Following the injection protocol, trabecular BV/TV was 31% lower in the GnRH-a group compared to C, a similar deficit in BV/TV was also measured following recovery and post-OVX. The trabecular number and thickness were lower in the GnRH-a group compared to control.Conclusion.These data suggest that following a transient delay in pubertal onset, trabecular bone volume was significantly lower and no restoration of bone volume occurred following recovery or post-OVX surgery. However, cortical bone strength was maintained through architectural adaptations in the cortical bone envelope. An increase in the polar moment of inertia offset increased bone resorption. The current data are the first to suppress trabecular bone during growth, and then add an OVX protocol at maturity. Trabecular bone and cortical bone differed in their response to hypothalamic suppression during development; trabecular bone was more sensitive to the negative effects of hypothalamic suppression.

scholarly journals Zn–0.8Mg–0.2Sr (wt.%) Absorbable Screws—An In-Vivo Biocompatibility and Degradation Pilot Study on a Rabbit Model

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3271
Author(s):  
Karel Klíma ◽  
Dan Ulmann ◽  
Martin Bartoš ◽  
Michal Španko ◽  
Jaroslava Dušková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Regular Structure ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Gas Evolution ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Periosteal Apposition

In this pilot study, we investigated the biocompatibility and degradation rate of an extruded Zn–0.8Mg–0.2Sr (wt.%) alloy on a rabbit model. An alloy screw was implanted into one of the tibiae of New Zealand White rabbits. After 120 days, the animals were euthanized. Evaluation included clinical assessment, microCT, histological examination of implants, analyses of the adjacent bone, and assessment of zinc, magnesium, and strontium in vital organs (liver, kidneys, brain). The bone sections with the implanted screw were examined via scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). This method showed that the implant was covered by a thin layer of phosphate-based solid corrosion products with a thickness ranging between 4 and 5 µm. Only negligible changes of the implant volume and area were observed. The degradation was not connected with gas evolution. The screws were fibrointegrated, partially osseointegrated histologically. We observed no inflammatory reaction or bone resorption. Periosteal apposition and formation of new bone with a regular structure were frequently observed near the implant surface. The histological evaluation of the liver, kidneys, and brain showed no toxic changes. The levels of Zn, Mg, and Sr after 120 days in the liver, kidneys, and brain did not exceed the reference values for these elements. The alloy was safe, biocompatible, and well-tolerated.

scholarly journals Contribution of High School Sport Participation to Young Adult Bone Strength

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1064-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
RYAN C. WARD ◽  
KATHLEEN F. JANZ ◽  
ELENA M. LETUCHY ◽  
CLAYTON PETERSON ◽  
STEVEN M. LEVY
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
School Sport ◽  
High School Sport ◽  
Adult Bone

scholarly journals Adult bone strength of children from single-parent families: the Midlife in the United States Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 931-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Crandall ◽  
A. S. Karlamangla ◽  
S. S. Merkin ◽  
N. Binkley ◽  
D. Carr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
The United States ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
Single Parent Families ◽  
Adult Bone

Quantification of the export of cytokinins from roots to shoots of Rosa hybrida and their degradation rate in the shoot

1997 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke A. Dieleman ◽  
Francel W. A. Verstappen ◽  
Rene R. J. Perik ◽  
Daan Kuiper
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Rosa Hybrida
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