scholarly journals Osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein and dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein cooperatively modulate cell-cell fusion to form osteoclasts and foreign body giant cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1289-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroya Miyamoto ◽  
Takayuki Suzuki ◽  
Yoshiteru Miyauchi ◽  
Ryotaro Iwasaki ◽  
Tami Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Dendritic Cell ◽  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Foreign Body Giant Cells ◽  
Cell Cell

Foreign body giant cells and osteoclasts are TRAP positive, have podosome-belts and both require OC-STAMP for cell fusion

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 1772-1778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman A. Khan ◽  
Saeed M. Hashimi ◽  
Mahmoud M. Bakr ◽  
Mark R. Forwood ◽  
Nigel A. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Foreign Body Giant Cells

scholarly journals DC-STAMP is essential for cell–cell fusion in osteoclasts and foreign body giant cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 202 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Yagi ◽  
Takeshi Miyamoto ◽  
Yumi Sawatani ◽  
Katsuya Iwamoto ◽  
Naobumi Hosogane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Foreign Body Giant Cell ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Macrophage Cell ◽  
Giant Cell Formation ◽  
Deficient Mice

Osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells that play a pivotal role in bone remodeling. Osteoclasts form large multinuclear giant cells by fusion of mononuclear osteoclasts. How cell fusion is mediated, however, is unclear. We identify the dendritic cell–specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP), a putative seven-transmembrane protein, by a DNA subtraction screen between multinuclear osteoclasts and mononuclear macrophages. DC-STAMP is highly expressed in osteoclasts but not in macrophages. DC-STAMP–deficient mice were generated, and osteoclast cell fusion was completely abrogated in homozygotes despite normal expression of osteoclast markers and cytoskeletal structure. As osteoclast multinucleation was restored by retroviral introduction of DC-STAMP, loss of cell fusion was directly attributable to a lack of DC-STAMP. Defects in osteoclast multinucleation reduce bone-resorbing activity, leading to osteopetrosis. Similar to osteoclasts, foreign body giant cell formation by macrophage cell fusion was also completely abrogated in DC-STAMP–deficient mice. We have thus identified an essential regulator of osteoclast and macrophage cell fusion, DC-STAMP, and an essential role of osteoclast multinucleation in bone homeostasis.

Pulmonary hair embolism in a rescued free-ranging Eurasian otter Lutra lutra in Kinmen, Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
WT Li ◽  
YL Chiang ◽  
TY Chen ◽  
CL Lai
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Hair Shaft ◽  
Lutra Lutra ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Eurasian Otter ◽  
Foreign Body Giant Cells ◽  
Free Ranging

Eurasian otters Lutra lutra are listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List and are imperiled by habitat loss, water pollution, and poaching. Harassment and attacks by stray animals are also recognized threats to the health of wild Eurasian otters. Pulmonary hair embolism is a possible complication in animals with deep traumatic injury, but to date no cases have been reported in wildlife. A free-ranging, adult male Eurasian otter was rescued due to severe emaciation and multiple bite wounds. The otter died 3 d after rescue and was necropsied. Grossly, a 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.5 cm firm nodule was observed in the left cranial lung lobe. Histologically, a fragment of hair shaft surrounded by multinucleated foreign body giant cells was observed in a medium-sized vein, and extensive eosinophilic infiltration was noted in the adjacent vascular wall and lung parenchyma. Based on the gross and histological findings, the pulmonary lesion was consistent with eosinophilic pneumonia and vasculitis induced by hair embolism. The presence of well-formed multinucleated foreign body giant cells and eosinophils may imply a late stage of foreign body reaction, and thus the presumptive source of hair embolism is an animal bite. This is the first report of pulmonary hair embolism associated with animal bite in a rescued free-ranging Eurasian otter.

Comparison of bone wax and chitosan usage on post-sternotomy bone healing

2020 ◽  
pp. 021849232098409
Author(s):  
Ihsanul Amal ◽  
Heroe Soebroto ◽  
Puruhito
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Postoperative Bleeding ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Operative Field ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Foreign Body Giant Cells ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Affect Bone Healing ◽  
Chitosan Powder

Background Sternotomy is a standard approach performed in almost every surgical procedure on the heart and mediastinum. Effective hemostasis of the sternum is required to keep the operative field dry, avoid excessive blood transfusions during surgery, and prevent reoperation due to massive postoperative bleeding, which can further increase morbidity and mortality in patients. Bone wax is a mechanical hemostat commonly used after sternotomy and has been known to affect bone healing, trigger chronic inflammatory reactions, and increase the rate of infection. The application of chitosan, which has intrinsic hemostat ability, as hemostatic material is believed to improve bone healing following sternotomy. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of bone wax and chitosan on bone healing after sternotomy. Methods Median sternotomies were performed on 2 groups of New Zealand White rabbits. Each group of 16 animals received either bone wax or chitosan powder as hemostatic material. The degree of bone healing, the number of foreign-body giant cells, and the number of osteoblasts were evaluated after 6 weeks. Results Radiographs showed that significantly more animals in the chitosan group had total sternal healing ( p = 0.033). Histopathology revealed that the number of foreign-body giant cells was significantly less ( p = 0.036) and the number of osteoblasts was significantly greater ( p < 0.0001) in the group of animals that received chitosan. Conclusion The use of chitosan as hemostatic material can promote better bone healing compared to bone wax.

Are Langhans giant cells precursors of foreign-body giant cells?

1978 ◽  
Vol 263 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. van der Rhee ◽  
W. Hillebrands ◽  
W. Th. Daems
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Foreign Body Giant Cells

Cell-cell fusion: human multinucleated osteoclasts

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Yong Zeng ◽  
Jun-Min Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fusion ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Osteoclast Formation ◽  
Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Cell Cell

AbstractOsteoclasts are known to be formed by fusion of circulating mononuclear precursor cells which originate from haematopoietic stem cells. The precise mechanisms regulating the cell-cell fusion of these circulating cells to multinucleated osteoclasts remain unclear. In the present study, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) from healthy donors were treated with the macrophagecolony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL) to induce osteoclast differentiation. Osteoclast formation and resorption activity were investigated through the use of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and lacunar resorption on dentine slices respectively. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect expression of dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP) in these cells. The results showed that under the treatment of M-CSF and RANKL, PBMNCs differentiated into multinucleated osteoclasts through cell-cell fusion of mononucleated cells. These osteoclasts were TRAP positive and capable of resorbing the bone. Expression of DC-STAMP was much higher in the cells treated with both M-CSF and RANKL than those treated with M-CSF alone. We concluded that human PBMNCs might differentiate into active osteoclasts under certain conditions and the DC-STAMP, which is believed critical for osteoclast development, will be a possible therapeutic target for osteoclast related diseases in future.

The transformation of langhans giant cells into foreign body giant cells

1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
H.J. van der Rhee ◽  
C.P.M. van der Burgh-de Winter ◽  
W.Th. Daems
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Foreign Body Giant Cells
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