Thermal changes during drilling in human femur by rotary ultrasonic bone drilling machine: A histologic and ultrastructural study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Pal Singh ◽  
Pulak Mohan Pandey ◽  
Muzamil Ahmad Mir ◽  
Asit Ranjan Mridha
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Drilling Machine ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Human Femur ◽  
Thermal Changes

scholarly journals Smart Bone Drilling Machine

2020 ◽  
pp. 248-251
Author(s):  
Abdalla A. S. Abbas ◽  
◽  
Khaled A. Abou-El-Hossein
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Machine ◽  
Bone Drilling

scholarly journals THERMAL CHANGES OBSERVED AT DRILLING SITE DURING BONE DRILLING Model study in bovine rib

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dedy Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Drilling Rig ◽  
Drilling Hole ◽  
Model Study ◽  
Thermal Changes ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Drilling Site

The use of bone drill in the process of odontectomy and preparation of dental implant may increase temperature around drilling hole. As thermal changes are the critical precursor to physiological bone healing, increased of temperature over threshold must be minimized. The aim of this model study was to compare the temperature changes that were generated during bone drilling with various speeds. Eighteen fresh bovine ribs were chosen due to the similarity of physical properties and dimension of human mandible. A constant drill load of 4.06N was applied throughout the drilling procedures via a drilling rig. Bovine ribs were drilled by using the same bur  geometry (twist drill, 120 point angle) at low speed (8.750 rpm, 21.875 rpm, 35.000 rpm). The  bone temperature changes generated by the drilling process were measured measured by K-type thermocouple. The speed of 8750 rpm produced a maximum temperature changes in both distance of 1 mm and 2 mm from drilling hole. Minimal temperature changes were recorded for the speed of 35.000 rpm. ANOVA test, showed the mean of thermal changes for each of speed at distance 1 and 2 mm from drilling hole. The clinical benefits of using speed below 35000 rpm need to be considered due to the potential risk of thermal damage.

Comparison of Conventional and Ultrasonic Drilling on Cutting Force in Porcine and Human Femur

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Pal Singh ◽  
Pulak Mohan Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Human Femur ◽  
Ultrasonic Drilling ◽  
Drill Diameter

Abstract Bone fractures are common in human beings, and the surgical operation performed to repair the fractured bone includes the drilling process. Axial cutting force during drilling plays an important role for success in osteosynthesis. Many processes like water jet machining, laser drilling, ultrasonic drilling, two phase drilling and rotary ultrasonic bone drilling (RUBD), have been developed to minimize the cutting force during orthopedic drilling. In the present work, a novel operation theatre compatible ultrasonic assisted rotary bone drilling machine prototype have been designed and fabricated in an attempt to reduce the cutting forces produced during orthopedic drilling. The experimental test were performed on fresh porcine bone and human femur. A comparative study was carried out between RUBD and Conventional drilling (CD), to find out the influence of rotational speed, drilling tool feed rate and drill diameter, on the cutting force produced during the drilling. The study of chip produced in RUBD and CD was also carried out with the help of scanning electron microscopy images. The result obtained by the developed machine showed that the cutting force obtained in human femur was greater (20–25 %) than porcine femur due to its greater hardness and RUBD process produced lower cutting force (20–30 %) than CD for both types of bone. The experimental results showed the increase in cutting force with decreasing rotational speed and increasing feed rate and drill diameter.

Design and Development of Novel Lubricant Free Transmission System for Manual Bone Drilling Machine

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Salehi ◽  
David Sternkopf ◽  
Ruediger Haas ◽  
Eric Schilling
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Transmission System ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Drilling Machine ◽  
Bone Drilling ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Drilling Operation ◽  
Resistance Torque ◽  
Applied Forces ◽  
Torque Values

This paper describes design and development of novel lubricant free transmission system for manual bone drilling machine. In order to design the transmission system, applied forces and torques on the gears has to be achieved. In this regard, bone drilling forces and torques were detected, preforming experimental tests of the drilling operation by CNC milling machine. At this point, various drill diameters and machining parameters were considered. After achieving the bone drilling forces, they were utilized for gears design process. The design process including gear geometry, material and detailed design analysis were done according to German norm VDI 2736 - Part 3. In this context, the mating worm gears materials were selected out of stainless steel 316 and Polyether Ether Ketone (PEEK), which can reduce weight, noise, moment of inertia, and necessity of lubrication, etc. In order to evaluate the gears performance, numerically and experimentally were performed. The static stress and deflection of the PEEK gear tooth were investigated numerically by finite element analysis. According to the numerical results, each tooth force carrying capacity (until yield stress) were estimated until 302 N. Surface temperature and wear rate for two types of PEEK gears were examined, experimentally, while applying two resistance torque values, 0.75 and 0.5 Nm, to the manufactured transmission system. The selected torques were three and five times bigger than drilling torque values, enabling us to simulate the bone drilling operation considering unexpected loaded in the extreme case, misuse, emergence situation, and degradation. The maximum temperatures of the tooth contour of the transmission system raised to 127 °C. According to the results, the maximum achieved PEEK gear life was 200 minutes for the Natural PEEK polymer at the 0.5 Nm torque.

Tumor Diagnosis

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 262-265
Author(s):  
Bruce Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Specific Diagnosis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopic Diagnosis

The broadest application of transmission electron microscopy (EM) in diagnostic medicine is the identification of tumors that cannot be classified by routine light microscopy. EM is useful in the evaluation of approximately 10% of human neoplasms, but the extent of its contribution varies considerably. It may provide a specific diagnosis that can not be reached by other means, but in contrast, the information obtained from ultrastructural study of some 10% of tumors does not significantly add to that available from light microscopy. Most cases fall somewhere between these two extremes: EM may correct a light microscopic diagnosis, or serve to narrow a differential diagnosis by excluding some of the possibilities considered by light microscopy. It is particularly important to correlate the EM findings with data from light microscopy, clinical examination, and other diagnostic procedures.

Further Observations on the Virus of Epizootic Diarrhea of Infant Mice. An Electron Microscopic Study

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
W. G. Banfield ◽  
G. Kasnic ◽  
J. H. Blackwell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Infected Cell ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Infected Cells

An ultrastructural study of the intestinal epithelium of mice infected with the agent of epizootic diarrhea of infant mice (EDIM virus) was first performed by Adams and Kraft. We have extended their observations and have found developmental forms of the virus and associated structures not reported by them.Three-day-old NLM strain mice were infected with EDIM virus and killed 48 to 168 hours later. Specimens of bowel were fixed in glutaraldehyde, post fixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in epon. Sections were stained with uranyl magnesium acetate followed by lead citrate and examined in an updated RCA EMU-3F electron microscope.The cells containing virus particles (infected) are at the tips of the villi and occur throughout the intestine from duodenum through colon. All developmental forms of the virus are present from 48 to 168 hours after infection. Figure 1 is of cells without virus particles and figure 2 is of an infected cell. The nucleus and cytoplasm of the infected cells appear clearer than the cells without virus particles.

Glycogen in guinea pig neutrophils: Ultrastructural study of neutrophils at the intradermal site of BCG injection

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
Corazon D. Bucana
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies

In the circulating blood of man and guinea pigs, glycogen occurs primarily in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and platelets. The amount of glycogen in neutrophils increases with time after the cells leave the bone marrow, and the distribution of glycogen in neutrophils changes from an apparently random distribution to large clumps when these cells move out of the circulation to the site of inflammation in the peritoneal cavity. The objective of this study was to further investigate changes in glycogen content and distribution in neutrophils. I chose an intradermal site because it allows study of neutrophils at various stages of extravasation.Initially, osmium ferrocyanide and osmium ferricyanide were used to fix glycogen in the neutrophils for ultrastructural studies. My findings confirmed previous reports that showed that glycogen is well preserved by both these fixatives and that osmium ferricyanide protects glycogen from solubilization by uranyl acetate.I found that osmium ferrocyanide similarly protected glycogen. My studies showed, however, that the electron density of mitochondria and other cytoplasmic organelles was lower in samples fixed with osmium ferrocyanide than in samples fixed with osmium ferricyanide.

An ultrastructural study of vegetative incompatibility in plants

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
Randy Moore
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Solanum Pennellii ◽  
Initial Product ◽  
Basic Aspect ◽  
Tissue Interactions ◽  
Graft Interface ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Standard Fixation

Cell and tissue interactions are a basic aspect of eukaryotic growth and development. While cell-to-cell interactions involving recognition and incompatibility have been studied extensively in animals, there is no known antigen-antibody reaction in plants and the recognition mechanisms operating in plant grafts have been virtually neglected.An ultrastructural study of the Sedum telephoides/Solanum pennellii graft was undertaken to define possible mechanisms of plant graft incompatibility. Grafts were surgically dissected from greenhouse grown plants at various times over 1-4 weeks and prepared for EM employing variations in the standard fixation and embedding procedure. Stock and scion adhere within 6 days after grafting. Following progressive cell senescence in both Sedum and Solanum, the graft interface appears as a band of 8-11 crushed cells after 2 weeks (Fig. 1, I). Trapped between the buckled cell walls are densely staining cytoplasmic remnants and residual starch grains, an initial product of wound reactions in plants.

Golgi Apparatus and Melanogenesis: Ultrastructural Study of a Human Cellular Blue Nevus (Melanocytoma)

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 380-381
Author(s):  
S.R. Allegra
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blue Nevus ◽  
Normal Complement ◽  
Golgi Vesicles ◽  
Golgi System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cellular Blue Nevus

The respective roles of the ribo somes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and perhaps nucleus in the synthesis and maturation of melanosomes is still the subject of some controversy. While the early melanosomes (premelanosomes) have been frequently demonstrated to originate as Golgi vesicles, it is undeniable that these structures can be formed in cells in which Golgi system is not found. This report was prompted by the findings in an essentially amelanotic human cellular blue nevus (melanocytoma) of two distinct lines of melanocytes one of which was devoid of any trace of Golgi apparatus while the other had normal complement of this organelle.

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