Difference in suitable mechanical properties of three-dimensional, synthetic scaffolds for self-renewing mouse embryonic stem cells of different genetic backgrounds

2016 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. 2261-2268
Author(s):  
Myungook Lee ◽  
Jong Il Ahn ◽  
Ji Yeon Ahn ◽  
Woo Sub Yang ◽  
Jeffrey A. Hubbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Synthetic Scaffolds

scholarly journals Loss of clathrin heavy chain enhances actin-dependent stiffness of mouse embryonic stem cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ridim D Mote ◽  
Jyoti Yadav ◽  
Surya Bansi Singh ◽  
Mahak Tiwari ◽  
Shivprasad Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Clathrin Heavy Chain

AbstractMouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) display unique mechanical properties, including low cell stiffness, and specific responses to features of the underlying substratum. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), we demonstrate that mESCs lacking the clathrin heavy chain (Cltc), display higher Young’s modulus, indicative of greater cellular stiffness, in comparison to WT mESCs. We have previously shown that mESCs lacking Cltc display a loss of pluripotency, and an initiation of differentiation. The increased stiffness observed in these cells was accompanied by the presence of actin stress fibres and accumulation of the inactive, phosphorylated, actin binding protein, Cofilin. Treatment of Cltc knockdown mESCs with actin polymerization inhibitors resulted in a decrease in the Young’s modulus, to values similar to those obtained with WT mESCs. However, the expression profile of pluripotency factors was not rescued. This indicates that a restoration of mechanical properties, through modulation of the actin cytoskeleton, may not always be accompanied by a change in the expression of critical transcription factors that regulate the state of a stem cell, and that this may be dependent on the presence of active endocytosis in a cell.

scholarly journals Differentiation of a Contractile, Ureter-Like Tissue, from Embryonic Stem Cell–Derived Ureteric Bud and Ex Fetu Mesenchyme

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 2253-2262 ◽  
Author(s):  
May Sallam ◽  
Anwar A. Palakkan ◽  
Christopher G. Mills ◽  
Julia Tarnick ◽  
Mona Elhendawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Ureteric Bud ◽  
Three Dimensional Culture ◽  
Ureteric Buds

BackgroundThere is intense interest in replacing kidneys from stem cells. It is now possible to produce, from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, kidney organoids that represent immature kidneys and display some physiologic functions. However, current techniques have not yet resulted in renal tissue with a ureter, which would be needed for engineered kidneys to be clinically useful.MethodsWe used a published sequence of growth factors and drugs to induce mouse embryonic stem cells to differentiate into ureteric bud tissue. We characterized isolated engineered ureteric buds differentiated from embryonic stem cells in three-dimensional culture and grafted them into ex fetu mouse kidney rudiments.ResultsEngineered ureteric buds branched in three-dimensional culture and expressed Hoxb7, a transcription factor that is part of a developmental regulatory system and a ureteric bud marker. When grafted into the cortex of ex fetu kidney rudiments, engineered ureteric buds branched and induced nephron formation; when grafted into peri-Wolffian mesenchyme, still attached to a kidney rudiment or in isolation, they did not branch but instead differentiated into multilayer ureter-like epithelia displaying robust expression of the urothelial marker uroplakin. This engineered ureteric bud tissue also organized the mesenchyme into smooth muscle that spontaneously contracted, with a period a little slower than that of natural ureteric peristalsis.ConclusionsMouse embryonic stem cells can be differentiated into ureteric bud cells. Grafting those UB-like structures into peri-Wolffian mesenchyme of cultured kidney rudiments can induce production of urothelium and organize the mesenchyme to produce rhythmically contracting smooth muscle layers. This development may represent a significant step toward the goal of renal regeneration.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Nanofibrillar Surfaces Promote Self-Renewal in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Stem Cells ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alam Nur-E-Kamal ◽  
Ijaz Ahmed ◽  
Jabeen Kamal ◽  
Melvin Schindler ◽  
Sally Meiners
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Self Renewal
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