Prevention of biofilm formation on urinary catheters: Comparison of the sparfloxacin-treated long-term antimicrobial catheters with silver-coated ones

2012 ◽  
Vol 100B (7) ◽  
pp. 1874-1882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Kowalczuk ◽  
Grażyna Ginalska ◽  
Tomasz Piersiak ◽  
Małgorzata Miazga-Karska
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Urinary Catheters

scholarly journals Enterococcus faecalis Polymicrobial Interactions Facilitate Biofilm Formation, Antibiotic Recalcitrance, and Persistent Colonization of the Catheterized Urinary Tract

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Jordan R. Gaston ◽  
Marissa J. Andersen ◽  
Alexandra O. Johnson ◽  
Kirsten L. Bair ◽  
Christopher M. Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Urinary Catheters ◽  
Health Care Settings ◽  
Biofilm Architecture ◽  
Prospective Assessment ◽  
Catheter Urine

Indwelling urinary catheters are common in health care settings and can lead to catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Long-term catheterization causes polymicrobial colonization of the catheter and urine, for which the clinical significance is poorly understood. Through prospective assessment of catheter urine colonization, we identified Enterococcus faecalis and Proteus mirabilis as the most prevalent and persistent co-colonizers. Clinical isolates of both species successfully co-colonized in a murine model of CAUTI, and they were observed to co-localize on catheter biofilms during infection. We further demonstrate that P. mirabilis preferentially adheres to E. faecalis during biofilm formation, and that contact-dependent interactions between E. faecalis and P. mirabilis facilitate establishment of a robust biofilm architecture that enhances antimicrobial resistance for both species. E. faecalis may therefore act as a pioneer species on urinary catheters, establishing an ideal surface for persistent colonization by more traditional pathogens such as P. mirabilis.

scholarly journals Enterococcus faecalis Polymicrobial Interactions Facilitate Biofilm Formation, Antibiotic Recalcitrance, and Persistent Colonization of the Catheterized Urinary Tract

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Gaston ◽  
Marissa Andersen ◽  
Alexandra Johnson ◽  
Kirsten Bair ◽  
Christopher Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Pioneer Species ◽  
Urinary Catheters ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Biofilm Architecture ◽  
Prospective Assessment ◽  
Catheter Urine

Indwelling urinary catheters are common in healthcare settings and can lead to catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). Long-term catheterization causes polymicrobial colonization of the catheter and urine, for which the clinical significance is poorly understood. Through prospective assessment of catheter urine colonization, we identified Enterococcus faecalis and Proteus mirabilis as the most prevalent and persistent co-colonizers. Clinical isolates of both species successfully co-colonized in a murine model of CAUTI, and they were observed to co-localize on catheter biofilms during infection. We further demonstrate that P. mirabilis preferentially adheres to E. faecalis during biofilm formation, and that contact-dependent interactions between E. faecalis and P. mirabilis facilitate establishment of a robust biofilm architecture that enhances antimicrobial resistance for both species. E. faecalis may therefore act as a pioneer species on urinary catheters, establishing an ideal surface for persistent colonization by more traditional pathogens such as P. mirabilis.

scholarly journals MODIFICATION OF URINARY CATHETERS USING ANTIMICROBIALS FROM STREPTOMYCES SP. ABK 07 FOR URINARY TRACT INFECTION RESISTANCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Angima Bichanga Kingsley, ◽  
Usha R
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Urinary Catheter ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Compound ◽  
Urinary Catheters ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Infection Resistance

Objective: The main aim of this study is to prevent biofilm formation by impregnating an antimicrobial on urinary catheter.Methods: Catheter segments were immersed in the antimicrobial compound for impregnation. After 2 h, the segments were removed, sterilized and dried after which mechanical and antimicrobial properties of the catheter segments were determined. The shelf life of the impregnated segments was also ascertained as well as anti-biofilm assay. Spectral analysis (UV & FTIR) was also performed.Results: Impregnation was achieved by immersing catheter segments in antimicrobial compound ensuring it does not affect the catheter texture. The impregnated antimicrobial catheters were able to prevent colonization by common uropathogens Escherichia coli, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella, and Candida albicans for up to 12 weeks. Antibiotic impregnation of the catheters did not affect the mechanical properties and did not render it as unfit for insertion. The antimicrobial-impregnated catheter offers a means of reducing biofilm formation and subsequently reducing the infection in long-term urinary catheter users. Spectral analysis was done by UV-Vis and FTIR.Conclusion: Antibiotic impregnation of the catheters did not affect the mechanical properties and did not render it as unfit for insertion. The antimicrobial impregnated catheter offers a means of reducing biofilm formation and subsequently reducing the infection in long-term urinary catheter users.

Urinary Catheters and Biofilm Formation

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Minardi ◽  
Alessandro Conti ◽  
Matteo Santoni ◽  
Daniele Cantoro ◽  
Oscar Cirioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Urinary Catheters

scholarly journals Surface Immobilization of Nano-Silver on Polymeric Medical Devices to Prevent Bacterial Biofilm Formation

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riau ◽  
Aung ◽  
Setiawan ◽  
Yang ◽  
Yam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Surface Immobilization ◽  
Nano Silver ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Tissue Microenvironment

: Bacterial biofilm on medical devices is difficult to eradicate. Many have capitalized the anti-infective capability of silver ions (Ag+) by incorporating nano-silver (nAg) in a biodegradable coating, which is then laid on polymeric medical devices. However, such coating can be subjected to premature dissolution, particularly in harsh diseased tissue microenvironment, leading to rapid nAg clearance. It stands to reason that impregnating nAg directly onto the device, at the surface, is a more ideal solution. We tested this concept for a corneal prosthesis by immobilizing nAg and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) on poly(methyl methacrylate), and tested its biocompatibility with human stromal cells and antimicrobial performance against biofilm-forming pathogens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Three different dual-functionalized substrates—high Ag (referred to as 75:25 HAp:Ag); intermediate Ag (95:5 HAp:Ag); and low Ag (99:1 HAp:Ag) were studied. The 75:25 HAp:Ag was effective in inhibiting biofilm formation, but was cytotoxic. The 95:5 HAp:Ag showed the best selectivity among the three substrates; it prevented biofilm formation of both pathogens and had excellent biocompatibility. The coating was also effective in eliminating non-adherent bacteria in the culture media. However, a 28-day incubation in artificial tear fluid revealed a ~40% reduction in Ag+ release, compared to freshly-coated substrates. The reduction affected the inhibition of S. aureus growth, but not the P. aeruginosa. Our findings suggest that Ag+ released from surface-immobilized nAg diminishes over time and becomes less effective in suppressing biofilm formation of Gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus. This advocates the coating, more as a protection against perioperative and early postoperative infections, and less as a long-term preventive solution.

Species interactions in mixed-community crystalline biofilms on urinary catheters

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1549-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Macleod ◽  
David J. Stickler
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Urinary Catheters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Providencia Stuartii

Previous experimental investigations of the crystalline biofilms that colonize and block urinary catheters have focussed on their formation by pure cultures of Proteus mirabilis. In the urine of patients undergoing long-term catheterization, P. mirabilis is commonly found in mixed communities with other urinary tract pathogens. Little is known about the effect that the other species have on the rate at which P. mirabilis encrusts catheters. In the present study, a set of data on the nature of the bacterial communities on 106 catheter biofilms has been analysed and it was found that while species such as Providencia stuartii and Klebsiella pneumoniae were commonly associated with P. mirabilis, when Escherichia coli, Morganella morganii or Enterobacter cloacae were present, P. mirabilis was rarely or never found. The hypothesis that the absence of P. mirabilis from some biofilm communities could be due to its active exclusion by other species has also been examined. Experiments in laboratory models showed that co-infection of P. mirabilis with M. morganii, K. pneumoniae or E. coli had no effect on the ability of P. mirabilis to encrust and block catheters. Co-infection with Ent. cloacae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, however, significantly increased the time that catheters took to block (P <0.05). The growth of Ent. cloacae, M. morganii, K. pneumoniae or E. coli in the model for 72 h prior to superinfection with P. mirabilis significantly delayed catheter blockage. In the case of Ent. cloacae, for example, the mean time to blockage was extended from 28.7 h to 60.7 h (P ≤0.01). In all cases, however, P. mirabilis was able to generate alkaline urine, colonize the biofilms, induce crystal formation and block the catheters. The results suggest that although there is a degree of antagonism between P. mirabilis and some of the other urinary tract organisms, the effects are temporary and whatever the pre-existing urinary microbiota, infection with P. mirabilis is thus likely to lead to catheter encrustation and blockage.

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