Colorectal wall regeneration resulting from the association of chitosan hydrogel and stromal vascular fraction from adipose tissue

2017 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 460-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Denost ◽  
Arnaud Pontallier ◽  
Etienne Buscail ◽  
Alexandra Montembault ◽  
Reine Bareille ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Chitosan Hydrogel ◽  
Wall Regeneration

scholarly journals Gpr1 is an active chemerin receptor influencing glucose homeostasis in obese mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian L Rourke ◽  
Shanmugam Muruganandan ◽  
Helen J Dranse ◽  
Nichole M McMullen ◽  
Christopher J Sinal
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Elevated Glucose ◽  
And Function ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Chemerin is an adipose-derived signaling protein (adipokine) that regulates adipocyte differentiation and function, immune function, metabolism, and glucose homeostasis through activation of chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1). A second chemerin receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1) in mammals, binds chemerin with an affinity similar to CMKLR1; however, the function of GPR1 in mammals is essentially unknown. Herein, we report that expression of murineGpr1mRNA is high in brown adipose tissue and white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle. In contrast to chemerin (Rarres2) andCmklr1,Gpr1expression predominates in the non-adipocyte stromal vascular fraction of WAT. Heterozygous and homozygousGpr1-knockout mice fed on a high-fat diet developed more severe glucose intolerance than WT mice despite having no difference in body weight, adiposity, or energy expenditure. Moreover, mice lackingGpr1exhibited reduced glucose-stimulated insulin levels and elevated glucose levels in a pyruvate tolerance test. This study is the first, to our knowledge, to report the effects ofGpr1deficiency on adiposity, energy balance, and glucose homeostasisin vivo. Moreover, these novel results demonstrate that GPR1 is an active chemerin receptor that contributes to the regulation of glucose homeostasis during obesity.

scholarly journals Long-Term Severe In Vitro Hypoxia Exposure Enhances the Vascularization Potential of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cell Engineered Tissues

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7920
Author(s):  
Myroslava Mytsyk ◽  
Giulia Cerino ◽  
Gregory Reid ◽  
Laia Gili Sole ◽  
Friedrich S. Eckstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bioreactor Culture ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Angiogenic Potential ◽  
Engineered Tissues

The therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) for treating cardiac ischemia strongly depends on their paracrine-mediated effects and their engraftment capacity in a hostile environment such as the infarcted myocardium. Adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells are a mixed population composed mainly of MSC and vascular cells, well known for their high angiogenic potential. A previous study showed that the angiogenic potential of SVF cells was further increased following their in vitro organization in an engineered tissue (patch) after perfusion-based bioreactor culture. This study aimed to investigate the possible changes in the cellular SVF composition, in vivo angiogenic potential, as well as engraftment capability upon in vitro culture in harsh hypoxia conditions. This mimics the possible delayed vascularization of the patch upon implantation in a low perfused myocardium. To this purpose, human SVF cells were seeded on a collagen sponge, cultured for 5 days in a perfusion-based bioreactor under normoxia or hypoxia (21% and <1% of oxygen tension, respectively) and subcutaneously implanted in nude rats for 3 and 28 days. Compared to ambient condition culture, hypoxic tension did not alter the SVF composition in vitro, showing similar numbers of MSC as well as endothelial and mural cells. Nevertheless, in vitro hypoxic culture significantly increased the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (p < 0.001) and the number of proliferating cells (p < 0.00001). Moreover, compared to ambient oxygen culture, exposure to hypoxia significantly enhanced the vessel length density in the engineered tissues following 28 days of implantation. The number of human cells and human proliferating cells in hypoxia-cultured constructs was also significantly increased after 3 and 28 days in vivo, compared to normoxia. These findings show that a possible in vivo delay in oxygen supply might not impair the vascularization potential of SVF- patches, which qualifies them for evaluation in a myocardial ischemia model.

scholarly journals Derivation, characterization, and in vitro cell regeneration of canine white adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells obtained from a mesenteric region

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirban Mandal ◽  
Ajeet Kumar Jha ◽  
Dew Biswas ◽  
Shyamal Kanti Guha
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Cell Regeneration ◽  
Wound Healing Assay ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background The study was conducted to assess the characterization, differentiation, and in vitro cell regeneration potential of canine mesenteric white adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs). The tissue was harvested through surgical incision and digested with collagenase to obtain a stromal vascular fraction. Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the stromal vascular fraction were characterized through flow cytometry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Assessment of cell viability, in vitro cell regeneration, and cell senescence were carried out through MTT assay, wound healing assay, and β-galactosidase assay, respectively. To ascertain the trilineage differentiation potential, MSCs were stained with alizarin red for osteocytes, alcian blue for chondrocytes, and oil o red for adipocytes. In addition, differentiated cells were characterized through a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Results We observed the elongated, spindle-shaped, and fibroblast-like appearance of cells after 72 h of initial culture. Flow cytometry results showed positive expression for CD44, CD90, and negative expression for CD45 surface markers. Population doubling time was found 18–24 h for up to the fourth passage and 30±0.5 h for the fifth passage. A wound-healing assay was used to determine cell migration rate which was found 136.9 ± 4.7 μm/h. We observed long-term in vitro cell proliferation resulted in MSC senescence. Furthermore, we also found that the isolated cells were capable of differentiating into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. Conclusions Mesenteric white adipose tissue was found to be a potential source for isolation, characterization, and differentiation of MSCs. This study might be helpful for resolving the problems regarding the paucity of information concerning the basic biology of stem cells. The large-scale use of AD-MSCs might be a remedial measure in regenerative medicine.

Eine aktuelle Übersicht über die Einflussfaktoren der Stammzellspender auf das regenerative Potential von Fettgewebsstammzellen

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (06) ◽  
pp. 521-532
Author(s):  
Constanze Kuhlmann ◽  
Thilo Ludwig Schenck ◽  
Elisabeth Maria Haas ◽  
Riccardo Giunta ◽  
Paul Severin Wiggenhauser
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
National Library ◽  
Regenerative Therapie

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Nicht nur regenerative Therapie wie zellassistierter Lipotransfer (cell assisted lipotransfer) sondern auch präklinische experimentelle Studien verwenden in der Plastischen Chirurgie Stammzellen aus Fettgewebe, sogenannte Adipose tissue-derived Stem Cells (ASCs). Hierbei haben allerdings vom jeweiligen Stammzellspender abhängige Faktoren einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Zellausbeute und das regenerative Potential von ASCs und der Stromal vascular Fraction (SVF). Ziel dieser Übersichtsarbeit war es daher, diese Einflussfaktoren des Stammzellspenders darzustellen und anhand des aktuellen Wissenstands zu beurteilen. Methoden Es erfolgte eine intensive Literaturrecherche in der der National Library of Medicine, mit Fokus auf Einflussfaktoren der Stammzellspender, die eine Beeinflussung der Zellausbeute und des regenerativen Potentials von humanen ASCs und SVF in vorherigen Studien gezeigt haben. Ergebnisse Aktuell gibt es eine Vielzahl von Studien, welche sich mit den Einflussfaktoren des Stammzellspenders auseinandersetzen. Allerdings sind diese Faktoren sehr inhomogen und teilweise sogar widersprüchlich, so dass hier noch weiterer Forschungsbedarf besteht. Dennoch gibt es einige Faktoren, die gemäß der aktuellen Literatur gehäuft untersucht wurden: Alter, Geschlecht, Gewicht, Nebenerkrankungen (z. B. Diabetes, Lipödem) sowie spezielle Medikamente (Antidepressiva, Antihormontherapie) und Chemotherapie. Schlussfolgerung Wir empfehlen, bei experimentellen und klinischen Arbeiten mit ASCs/SVF eine Charakterisierung des Patientenkollektivs zu veröffentlichen, so dass mögliche Beeinflussungen durch oben genannte Faktoren kommuniziert werden und eine bessere Vergleichbarkeit von Studien ermöglicht wird. Darüber hinaus kann aber auch mit einer präzisen Anamnese und körperlichen Untersuchung vorab ein möglichst homogenes Patientenkollektiv für die Sammlung von Proben für wissenschaftliche Arbeiten konstruiert werden. Auch könnten die Ergebnisse dazu beitragen, den Erfolg zukünftiger ASC-basierter Therapien einzuschätzen.

Metallothionein gene expression and secretion in white adipose tissue

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (6) ◽  
pp. R2329-R2335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Trayhurn ◽  
Jacqueline S. Duncan ◽  
Anne M. Wood ◽  
John H. Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Secretory Product ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist

White adipose tissue (WAT) has been examined to determine whether the gene encoding metallothionein (MT), a low-molecular-weight stress response protein, is expressed in the tissue and whether MT may be a secretory product of adipocytes. The MT-1 gene was expressed in epididymal WAT, with MT-1 mRNA levels being similar in lean and obese ( ob/ ob) mice. MT-1 mRNA was found in each of the main adipose tissue sites (epididymal, perirenal, omental, subcutaneous), and there was no major difference between depots. Separation of adipocytes from the stromal-vascular fraction of WAT indicated that the MT gene (MT-1 and MT-2) was expressed in adipocytes themselves. Treatment of mice with zinc had no effect on MT-1 mRNA levels in WAT, despite strong induction of MT-1 expression in the liver. MT-1 gene expression in WAT was also unaltered by fasting or norepinephrine. However, administration of a β3-adrenoceptor agonist, BRL-35153A, led to a significant increase in MT-1 mRNA. On differentiation of fibroblastic preadipocytes to adipocytes in primary culture, MT was detected in the medium, suggesting that the protein may be secreted from WAT. It is concluded that WAT may be a significant site of MT production; within adipocytes, MT could play an antioxidant role in protecting fatty acids from damage.

scholarly journals Myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2c triggers transdifferentiation of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells into spontaneously beating cardiomyocyte-like cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichiro Takashima ◽  
Soichiro Usui ◽  
Oto Inoue ◽  
Chiaki Goten ◽  
Kosei Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lentiviral Vector ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Cardiac Regeneration ◽  
Cardiac Lineage ◽  
Cell Transcriptome ◽  
Single Cell Transcriptome ◽  
Culture Protocol ◽  
Enhancer Factor

AbstractCardiomyocyte regeneration is limited in adults. The adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (Ad-SVF) contains pluripotent stem cells that rarely transdifferentiate into spontaneously beating cardiomyocyte-like cells (beating CMs). However, the characteristics of beating CMs and the factors that regulate the differentiation of Ad-SVF toward the cardiac lineage are unknown. We developed a simple culture protocol under which the adult murine inguinal Ad-SVF reproducibly transdifferentiates into beating CMs without induction. The beating CMs showed the striated ventricular phenotype of cardiomyocytes and synchronised oscillation of the intracellular calcium concentration among cells on day 28 of Ad-SVF primary culture. We also identified beating CM-fated progenitors (CFPs) and performed single-cell transcriptome analysis of these CFPs. Among 491 transcription factors that were differentially expressed (≥ 1.75-fold) in CFPs and the beating CMs, myocyte-specific enhancer 2c (Mef2c) was key. Transduction of Ad-SVF cells with Mef2c using a lentiviral vector yielded CFPs and beating CMs with ~ tenfold higher cardiac troponin T expression, which was abolished by silencing of Mef2c. Thus, we identified the master gene required for transdifferentiation of Ad-SVF into beating CMs. These findings will facilitate the development of novel cardiac regeneration therapies based on gene-modified, cardiac lineage-directed Ad-SVF cells.

scholarly journals Divergent functions of endotrophin on different cell populations in adipose tissue

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (6) ◽  
pp. E952-E963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueshui Zhao ◽  
Xue Gu ◽  
Ningyan Zhang ◽  
Mikhail G. Kolonin ◽  
Zhiqiang An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Lysyl Oxidase ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Collagen Genes ◽  
Different Cell Types

Endotrophin is a cleavage product of collagen 6 (Col6) in adipose tissue (AT). Previously, we demonstrated that endotrophin serves as a costimulator to trigger fibrosis and inflammation within the unhealthy AT milieu. However, how endotrophin affects lipid storage and breakdown in AT and how different cell types in AT respond to endotrophin stimulation remain unknown. In the current study, by using a doxycycline-inducible mouse model, we observed significant upregulation of adipogenic genes in the white AT (WAT) of endotrophin transgenic mice. We further showed that the mice exhibited inhibited lipolysis and accelerated hypertrophy and hyperplasia in WAT. To investigate the effects of endotrophin in vitro, we incubated different cell types from AT with conditioned medium from endotrophin-overexpressing 293T cells. We found that endotrophin activated multiple pathological pathways in different cell types. Particularly in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, endotrophin triggered a fibrotic program by upregulating collagen genes and promoted abnormal lipid accumulation by downregulating hormone-sensitive lipolysis gene and decreasing HSL phosphorylation levels. In macrophages isolated from WAT, endotrophin stimulated higher expression of the collagen-linking enzyme lysyl oxidase and M1 proinflammatory marker genes. In the stromal vascular fraction isolated from WAT, endotrophin induced upregulation of both profibrotic and proinflammatory genes. In conclusion, our study provides a new perspective on the effect of endotrophin in abnormal lipid accumulation and a mechanistic insight into the roles played by adipocytes and a variety of other cell types in AT in shaping the unhealthy microenvironment upon endotrophin treatment.

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