Light distribution and thermal effects in the rat brain under optogenetic stimulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 576-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Gysbrechts ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Nghia Nguyen Do Trong ◽  
Henrique Cabral ◽  
Zaneta Navratilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Light Distribution ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation

Influence of Pump Light Distribution on Thermal Effects within Nd:YAG Microchip Laser

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 643-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
史彭 Shi Peng ◽  
李金平 Li Jinping ◽  
李隆 Li Long ◽  
甘安生 Gan Ansheng
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Microchip Laser ◽  
Light Distribution ◽  
Pump Light

Effect of blood vessels on light distribution in optogenetic stimulation of cortex

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 2173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Azimipour ◽  
Farid Atry ◽  
Ramin Pashaie
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Light Distribution ◽  
Optogenetic Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Extraction of optical properties and prediction of light distribution in rat brain tissue

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 075001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Azimipour ◽  
Ryan Baumgartner ◽  
Yuming Liu ◽  
Steven L. Jacques ◽  
Kevin Eliceiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Light Distribution ◽  
Rat Brain Tissue

Thermal Considerations in Lens Regulator Systems

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
K.C. Newton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Reference Networks ◽  
Better Than

Thermal effects in lens regulator systems have become a major problem with the extension of electron microscope resolution capabilities below 5 Angstrom units. Larger columns with immersion lenses and increased accelerating potentials have made solutions more difficult by increasing the power being handled. Environmental control, component choice, and wiring design provide answers, however. Figure 1 indicates with broken lines where thermal problems develop in regulator systemsExtensive environmental control is required in the sampling and reference networks. In each case, stability better than I ppm/min. is required. Components with thermal coefficients satisfactory for these applications without environmental control are either not available or priced prohibitively.

Direct measurement of electron-diffraction-pattern intensities using an energy loss spectrometer

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 668-669
Author(s):  
A. G. Jackson ◽  
M. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Scattering Amplitude ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
Site Symmetry ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Parallel Acquisition ◽  
Kinematic Approximation ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Structure Calculations

Diffraction intensities from intermetallic compounds are, in the kinematic approximation, proportional to the scattering amplitude from the element doing the scattering. More detailed calculations have shown that site symmetry and occupation by various atom species also affects the intensity in a diffracted beam. [1] Hence, by measuring the intensities of beams, or their ratios, the occupancy can be estimated. Measurement of the intensity values also allows structure calculations to be made to determine the spatial distribution of the potentials doing the scattering. Thermal effects are also present as a background contribution. Inelastic effects such as loss or absorption/excitation complicate the intensity behavior, and dynamical theory is required to estimate the intensity value.The dynamic range of currents in diffracted beams can be 104or 105:1. Hence, detection of such information requires a means for collecting the intensity over a signal-to-noise range beyond that obtainable with a single film plate, which has a S/N of about 103:1. Although such a collection system is not available currently, a simple system consisting of instrumentation on an existing STEM can be used as a proof of concept which has a S/N of about 255:1, limited by the 8 bit pixel attributes used in the electronics. Use of 24 bit pixel attributes would easily allowthe desired noise range to be attained in the processing instrumentation. The S/N of the scintillator used by the photoelectron sensor is about 106 to 1, well beyond the S/N goal. The trade-off that must be made is the time for acquiring the signal, since the pattern can be obtained in seconds using film plates, compared to 10 to 20 minutes for a pattern to be acquired using the digital scan. Parallel acquisition would, of course, speed up this process immensely.

cDNA cloning and expression of a gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor epsilon-subunit in rat brain

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 4318-4330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Moragues ◽  
Philippe Ciofi ◽  
Pierrette Lafon ◽  
Marie-Francoise Odessa ◽  
Gerard Tramu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Cdna Cloning ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Epsilon Subunit

Antisense knockdown of the glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 exacerbates hippocampal neuronal damage following traumatic injury to rat brain

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vemuganti L. Raghavendra Rao ◽  
Aclan Dogan ◽  
Kellie K. Bowen ◽  
Kathryn G. Todd ◽  
Robert J. Dempsey
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Glial Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Antisense Knockdown
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