Species and gender differences in the metabolism and distribution of tertiary amyl methyl ether in male and female rats and mice after inhalation exposure or gavage administration

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C. J. Sumner ◽  
Derek B. Janszen ◽  
Bahman Asgharian ◽  
Timothy A. Moore ◽  
Horace D. Parkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Rats And Mice

Effects of a 13-Week Chloropentafluorobenzene Inhalation Exposure of Fischer 344 Rats and B6C3F1 Mice

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin R. Kinkead ◽  
Susan K. Bunger ◽  
Edgar C. Kimmel ◽  
Carlyle D. Flemming ◽  
Henry G. Wall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Inhalation Study ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Rats And Mice

Chloropentafluorobenzene (CPFB) has been identified as a can didate simulant for nonpersistent chemical warfare agents. Acute toxicity studies have shown that CPFB has limited adverse ef fects on laboratory animals. A 21-day inhalation study of rats and mice to 2.5, 0.8, and 0.25 mg CPFB/liter resulted in re duced weight gain in male and female rats exposed at the high concentration only and identified the liver as a potential target organ. This multiconcentration inhalation study was designed to detect a no-observable-effect level associated with repeated expo sure to CPFB. Male and female rats and mice were exposed to 250, 50, or 10 mg CPFB/m3 (0.25, 0.05, or 0.01 mg CPFB/li ter) for 13 weeks. No treatment-related effects on body weight, clinical chemistries, mortality, absolute or relative organ weight or histopathology were noted.

Comparative pulmonary toxicity of inhaled metalworking fluids in rats and mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen R Ryan ◽  
Mark F Cesta ◽  
Ronald Herbert ◽  
Amy Brix ◽  
Michelle Cora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Metalworking Fluids ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Rats And Mice

Metalworking fluids (MWFs) are complex formulations designed for effective lubricating, cooling, and cleaning tools and parts during machining operations. Adverse health effects such as respiratory symptoms, dermatitis, and cancer have been reported in workers exposed to MWFs. Several constituents of MWFs have been implicated in toxicity and have been removed from the formulations over the years. However, animal studies with newer MWFs demonstrate that they continue to pose a health risk. This investigation examines the hypothesis that unrecognized health hazards exist in currently marketed MWF formulations that are presumed to be safe based on hazard assessments of individual ingredients. In vivo 13-week inhalation studies were designed to characterize and compare the potential toxicity of four MWFs: Trim VX, Cimstar 3800, Trim SC210, and Syntilo 1023. Male and female Wistar Han rats or Fischer 344N/Tac rats and B6C3F1/N mice were exposed to MWFs via whole-body inhalation at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, or 400 mg/m3 for 13 weeks, after which, survival, body and organ weights, hematology and clinical chemistry, histopathology, and genotoxicity were assessed following exposure. Although high concentrations were used, survival was not affected and toxicity was primarily within the respiratory tract of male and female rats and mice. Minor variances in toxicity were attributed to differences among species as well as in the chemical components of each MWF. Pulmonary fibrosis was present only in rats and mice exposed to Trim VX. These data confirm that newer MWFs have the potential to cause respiratory toxicity in workers who are repeatedly exposed via inhalation.

scholarly journals NAFENOPIN-INDUCED HEPATIC MICROBODY (PEROXISOME) PROLIFERATION AND CATALASE SYNTHESIS IN RATS AND MICE

1974 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarnardan K. Reddy ◽  
Daniel L. Azarnoff ◽  
Donald J. Svoboda ◽  
Jada D. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Catalase Protein

Nafenopin (2-methyl-2[p-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)phenoxy]-propionic acid; Su-13437), a potent hypolipidemic compound, was administered in varying concentrations in ground Purina Chow to male and female rats, wild type (Csa strain) mice and acatalasemic (Csb strain) mice to determine the hepatic microbody proliferative and catalase-inducing effects. In all groups of animals, administration of nafenopin at dietary levels of 0.125% and 0.25% produced a significant and sustained increase in the number of peroxisomes. The hepatic microbody proliferation in both male and female rats and wild type Csa strain mice treated with nafenopin was of the same magnitude and was associated with a two-fold increase in catalase activity and in the concentration of catalase protein. The increase in microbody population in acatalasemic mice, although not accompanied by increase in catalase activity, was associated with a twofold increase in the amount of catalase protein. The absence of sex difference in microbody proliferative response in nafenopin-treated rats and wild type mice is of particular significance, since ethyl-α-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (CPIB)-induced microbody proliferation and increase in catalase activity occurred only in males. Nafenopin can, therefore, be used as an inducer of microbody proliferation and of catalase synthesis in both sexes of rats and mice. The serum glycerol-glycerides were markedly lowered in all the animals given nafenopin, which paralleled the increase in liver catalase. All the above effects of nafenopin were fully reversed when the drug was withdrawn from the diet of male rats. During reversal, several microbody nucleoids were seen free in the hyaloplasm or in the dilated endoplasmic reticulum channels resulting from a rapid reduction in microbody matrix proteins after the withdrawal of nafenopin from the diet. Because of microbody proliferation and catalase induction with increasing number of hypolipidemic compounds, additional studies are necessary to determine the interrelationships of microbody proliferation, catalase induction, and hypolipidemia.

scholarly journals Adolescence and the ontogeny of the hormonal stress response in male and female rats and mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 206-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell D. Romeo ◽  
Ravenna Patel ◽  
Laurie Pham ◽  
Veronica M. So
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Rats And Mice

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Metabolic Disorders and Related Diseases in Spontaneously Diabetic Torii-LeprfaRats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Ohta ◽  
Yoshiaki Katsuda ◽  
Katsuhiro Miyajima ◽  
Tomohiko Sasase ◽  
Shuichi Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gonadal Dysfunction ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Diabetic Model ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Lipid Abnormalities

The Spontaneously Diabetic ToriiLeprfa(SDT fatty) rat is a novel type 2 diabetic model wherein both male and female rats develop glucose and lipid abnormalities from a young age. In this study, we investigated gender differences in abnormalities and related complications in SDT fatty rats. Food intake was higher in males compared to female rats; however, body weight was not different between genders. Progression of diabetes, including increases in blood glucose and declines in blood insulin, was observed earlier in male rats than in females, and diabetic grade was more critical in male rats. Blood lipids tended to increase in female rats. Gonadal dysfunction was observed in both male and female rats with aging. Microangiopathies, such as nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and osteoporosis, were seen in both genders, and pathological grade and progression were more significant in males. Qualitative and quantitative changes were observed for metabolic disease gender differences in SDT fatty rats. The SDT fatty rat is a useful model for researching gender differences in metabolic disorders and related diseases in diabetes with obesity.

Abstract 230: Gender Differences in the Development of Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension and Associated Right Ventricular Remodeling: The Role of Estrogen Rescue

2012 ◽  
Vol 111 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soban Umar ◽  
Rangarajan Nadadur ◽  
Mansoureh Eghbali
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Ovx Rats

17-beta estradiol or Estrogen (E2) pre-treatment has been shown to attenuate the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Here, we aim to investigate the gender differences and the effect of ovariectomy on the development of experimental PH and adverse right ventricular (RV) remodeling. We also evaluate the therapeutic potential of E2 in rescuing PH and adverse RV remodelling in male and female rats. Male and female (intact and ovariectomized (OVX)) rats were treated with a single injection of monocrotaline (MCT, 60mg/kg, s.c.) to induce PH. Twenty one days after MCT, rats developed severe PH. At this point, one set of rats from each group was left untreated to develop PH-induced right ventricular failure (RVF), whereas the other set received E2 (42.5 ug/kg/day, 10-day slow release s.c. pellets). E2-treated rats were observed for an additional 12 days after cessation of therapy to check whether the effects of therapy were long-lived. Saline treated rats served as control (CTRL). Serial echocardiography was performed to monitor cardiopulmonary hemodynamics. Direct RV catheterization was terminally performed to record RV peak systolic pressure (RVPSP). The expression of novel extracellular matrix (ECM) enzymes A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase (ADAM15 and 17) and Osteopontin (OPN) were assessed by RT-PCR. Intact females developed less severe PH than males and OVX females at day 30 (RVPSP: Females=62±3, Males=74±3, OVX=77±3 mm Hg, p<0.05 vs. respective CTRL). E2 therapy resulted in rescue of PH in all groups (RVPSP: Females=36±4, Males=38±2, OVX=44±2 mm Hg, p<0.05 vs. respective PH-RVF). Intact females also developed less severe RV remodeling compared to males and OVX females. Expression of OPN increased ∼7-9-fold in PH-RVF males and OVX but only ∼2-fold in intact females, (p<0.05 vs. CTRL for all). E2 reversed OPN upregulation in all groups (p<0.05 vs. PH-RVF). Novel ECM-degrading Disintegrin-Metalloproteinases ADAM15 and ADAM17 transcripts were also elevated ∼2-fold in all PH-RVF animals (p<0.05 vs. CTRL). E2-therapy reversed RV remodeling in all groups (p<0.05 vs. PH-RVF). In conclusion, intact females are more protected against the development of PH compared to males and OVX females. E2 rescues PH and adverse RV remodeling in all groups.

Protective Effect of PACAP on Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Kidney Injury of Male and Female Rats: Gender Differences

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Laszlo ◽  
Tamas Juhasz ◽  
Adam Varga ◽  
Bernadett Czibere ◽  
Krisztina Kovacs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

THE EFFECT OF META-XYLOHYDROQUINONE ON MICE AND RATS

1956 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. KUMARI BATRA ◽  
SAFIA HAKIM
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Still Birth ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Rats And Mice

SUMMARY Meta-xylohydroquinone (M-X) in various doses was fed to male and female rats and mice in order to observe its effect on their reproductive physiology. The administration of 1 mg M-X to breeding mice in a single dose resulted in resorption, abortion or still-birth. Toxic effects were not seen with any other dose. It is suggested that the substance may have some effect on the oestrous cycle, causing irregularities. The evidence available from the experiments carried out does not support the view that M-X prevents nidation.

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