Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 2: Chemical composition of mainstream smoke

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Stabbert ◽  
P. Voncken ◽  
K. Rustemeier ◽  
H.-J. Haussmann ◽  
E. Roemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation

Chemical composition, nutritional and toxicological evaluation of rice (Oryza sativa ) grown in fly ash amended soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (13) ◽  
pp. 2721-2726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kandlakunta Bhaskarachary ◽  
Punna Ramulu ◽  
Paruchuri Udayasekhararao ◽  
Sangras Bapurao ◽  
Krishnaswamy Kamala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Amended Soils

scholarly journals Differences in the Chemical Composition of the Particulate Phase of Inhaled and Exhaled Cigarette Mainstream Smoke

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
SC Moldoveanu ◽  
FK St. Charles
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Chromatographic Column ◽  
Chromatographic Retention ◽  
Chromatographic Technique ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Particulate Phase ◽  
Mass Spectral Peak ◽  
Cigarette Butts

AbstractIn this study, a comparison between the chemical composition of the particulate-phase of exhaled smoke and that of smoke generated with a smoking machine has been performed. For this purpose, eight human subjects smoked a common Lights (10.6 mg ‘tar’/cig) commercial cigarette and the exhaled particulate-phase smoke from three cigarettes was collected on Cambridge pads for each smoker. The smoke collection from the human subjects was vacuum assisted. The cigarette butts from the smokers were collected and analyzed for nicotine. The machine smoking was performed with a Borgwaldt RM20 CSR smoking machine working under conditions recommended by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC). The nicotine levels for the cigarette butts from the smokers were used to normalize the level of exhaled smoke condensate to that of the FTC smoking conditions. The smoke condensates from exhaled smoke as well as that from the machine smoking were analyzed by a gas chromatographic technique with mass spectral peak identification. The retention efficiency for 160 compounds was calculated from the ratio of the compound peak areas in the exhaled smoke (normalized by the corresponding butt nicotine level) vs. the areas of the corresponding peaks from the chromatogram of the smoke generated by the smoking machine. In the calculation of the results, it was assumed that the composition of mainstream smoke remains practically constant at different smoking regimes. All compounds found in the machine-generated smoke were also present in the exhaled smoke, but at different levels. About one third of the compounds were retained more than 66% by the smoker. Another third of the compounds were retained between 33% and 66%, and the rest of the compounds were retained very little from the mainstream particulate-phase of the cigarette smoke. The compounds retained more than 66% were in general compounds with lower molecular weight and with higher water solubility, which eluted first from a 5% phenyl dimethyl-polysiloxane (DB-5MS) chromatographic column. The compounds retained less than 33% from smoke were those with higher molecular weights and boiling points, which had longer elution times from the chromatographic column. These compounds consisted mainly of long-chain hydrocarbons (saturated or squalene type) and phytosterol-type compounds. The compounds retained between 33% and 66% had intermediate chromatographic retention times. No attempt was made to evaluate or identify new compounds formed in the exhaled smoke. The results were obtained from a limited number of subjects, but among these the retentions for individual compounds did not show large differences, indicating that the retention process is not very different for the subjects evaluated. An attempt was made to verify whether or not the retention of compounds by the smoker is analogous to a distribution process. Only weak correlations were obtained between the human retention and octanol/water partition coefficients or between the human retention and the chromatographic retention times of individual compounds.

Chemical Composition of Essential Oils and Toxicological evaluation ofTagetes erectaandTagetes patulafrom Venezuela

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 476-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossana Martínez ◽  
Beth Diaz ◽  
Luís Vásquez ◽  
Reinaldo S. Compagnone ◽  
Stephen Tillett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation

Chemical composition, nutritive value, and toxicological evaluation of two species of sweet lupine (Lupinus albus and Lupinus luteus)

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Digna Ballester ◽  
Enrique Yanez ◽  
Ruben Garcia ◽  
Silvia Erazo ◽  
Fernando Lopez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation

Effect of cigarette filters on the chemical composition and in vitro biological activity of cigarette mainstream smoke

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Jae Shin ◽  
Hyung-Ok Sohn ◽  
Jung-Ho Han ◽  
Chul-Hoon Park ◽  
Hyeong-Seok Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Cigarette Mainstream Smoke

Toxicological evaluation of an electrically heated cigarette. Part 3: Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of mainstream smoke

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Tewes ◽  
T. J. Meisgen ◽  
D. J. Veltel ◽  
E. Roemer ◽  
G. Patskan
Keyword(s):  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation

Evaluation of the potential effects of ingredients added to cigarettes. Part 2: Chemical composition of mainstream smoke

2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Rustemeier ◽  
R Stabbert ◽  
H.-J Haussmann ◽  
E Roemer ◽  
E.L Carmines
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mainstream Smoke

scholarly journals Influence of Tobacco Additives on the Chemical Composition of Mainstream Smoke

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hahn ◽  
J Schaub
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Cocoa Powder ◽  
Product Manufacturing ◽  
Cigarette Mainstream Smoke ◽  
Substantial Change ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractAdditives used in tobacco product manufacturing are currently in the focus of public discussions with regard to potentially increased consumer health risks on account of certain additives. In addition, a few additives are suspected to enhance the addictiveness of tobacco products. In 2006, the German Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BundesministeriumfuerErnaehrung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, BMELV) commissioned a research project intended to provide support for the evaluation of additives and their influence on the composition and properties of cigarette mainstream smoke. In this paper the results of the study are reported. Different amounts of glycerol, cocoa powder and sucrose were added to the tobacco of two kinds of filter-ventilated King size test cigarettes with ‘tar’ levels of 6 mg and 10 mg per cigarette. The tobacco of the test cigarettes consisted of a commercially available blend made of Virginia, Burley and Oriental tobaccos. Machine smoking was performed according to the applicable ISO smoking regimen. Various smoke components, which are suspected to be harmful for health, were determined in mainstream smoke. Increasing levels of sucrose were correlated with an increase of the amount of formaldehyde but not of acetaldehyde in the mainstream smoke of the test cigarettes. In cigarettes with different levels of added glycerol no substantial change in smoke composition was observed. The addition of cocoa powder to tobacco resulted in a decrease of tobaccospecific N-nitrosamines in mainstream smoke. The results obtained in this study can be used as evidence for the toxicological evaluation aimed at approving or banning specific additives for tobacco product manufacturing.

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