Mortality, teratogenicity and growth inhibition of three glyphosate formulations using Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay‐Xenopus

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1257-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Oluwaseun Babalola ◽  
J. Christoff Truter ◽  
Johannes H. Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Frog Embryo ◽  
Glyphosate Formulations

AMADS Increases the Efficacy of Glyphosate Formulations on Corn

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale L. Shaner ◽  
Phil Westra ◽  
Scott Nissen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Glyphosate Formulations

Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the effect of 1-aminomethanamide dihydrogen tetraoxosulfate (AMADS) as a spray adjuvant on the efficacy of three different glyphosate formulations, the isopropylamine salt (glyphosate-IPA), potassium salt (glyphosate-K), and the acid of glyphosate dissolved in AMADS (glyphosate-A). All formulations were tested at multiple rates with and without AMADS (2% v/v) on greenhouse-grown corn, and growth inhibition was determined by measuring the elongation of the newest emerging leaf between 1 and 7 d after treatment. AMADS increased the efficacy of all three glyphosate formulations by threefold to fourfold. The IC50 values for glyphosate-IPA, glyphosate-K, and glyphosate-A without AMADS on corn were 77, 54, and 53 g ae/ha, respectively; and with AMADS the values were 20, 18, and 21 g/ha, respectively. AMADS was more effective than ammonium sulfate (2% w/v) in overcoming the antagonism of hard water (200 parts per million Ca+2) on glyphosate-K efficacy on corn. The rainfastness of glyphosate-IPA, glyphosate-A, and glyphosate-K was improved with AMADS.

scholarly journals  Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of 2-phenoxyethanol and clove oil anaesthetics using the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus (FETAX)

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vrskova ◽  
H. Modra
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Teratogenic Risk ◽  
Frog Embryo ◽  
Minimal Concentration ◽  
Index Ratio ◽  
Induce Growth Inhibition ◽  
Xenopus Laevis Embryos

The developmental toxicity of two anaesthetics, 2-phenoxyethanol and clove oil, used in aquaculture was evaluated using the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus (FETAX) and the results were compared to outcomes in fish. Xenopus laevis embryos were exposed to 50, 100, 300, 500, 700 and 1000 mg/l of 2-phenoxyethanol or 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/l of clove oil. Values of 96 h LC50, 96 h EC50 (malformation) and teratogenic index (ratio of 96 h LC50 and 96 h EC50) were determined and the types and severities of the induced malformations and minimal concentration inhibiting the growth of embryos were estimated. Teratogenic index values for 2-phenoxy-<br />ethanol and clove oil were estimated at 1.69 and 0.61 respectively. The most frequently observed malformations produced by 2-phenoxyethanol were axial flexure and oedema and for clove oil, axial flexure, gut malformation, microphthalmia and oedema. 2-phenoxyethanol was found to induce growth inhibition of frog embryos at concentrations above 300 mg/l and clove oil at concentrations above 20 mg/l. In summary, both 2-phenoxyethanol and clove oil affected the growth of Xenopus embryos, while only 2-phenoxyethanol represented a teratogenic risk. &nbsp;

Light-induced increase in the contents of ferulic and diferulic acids in cell walls of Avena coleoptiles: its relationship to growth inhibition by light

1994 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kensuke Miyamoto ◽  
Junichi Ueda ◽  
Satomi Takeda ◽  
Kazuko Ida ◽  
Takayuki Hoson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Cell Walls

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF NOS INHIBITOR T1023 AND BEVACIZUMABUM ON GROWTH AND MORPHOLOGY OF LEWIS LUNG CARCINOMA

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
М.В. Филимонова ◽  
В.В. Южаков ◽  
А.С. Филимонов ◽  
В.М. Макарчук ◽  
Л.Н. Бандурко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Lewis Lung Carcinoma ◽  
Lewis Lung ◽  
Vegf Inhibitor ◽  
Nos Inhibitor ◽  
Experimental Group

Цель исследования - изучение механизмов противоопухолевой активности ингибитора NOS Т1023 и оценка перспективности его дальнейшей разработки. Методика. В качестве опухолевой модели использована эпидермоидная КЛЛ, штамм которой получен из банка опухолевых материалов ФГБУ РОНЦ им. Н.Н. Блохина и поддерживался на самцах мышей C57BL6j. КЛЛ трансплантировали самцам мышей F1 (CBA´C57BL6j) путем подкожного введения 1,5×106 клеток карциномы в 0,1 мл суспензии на основе среды 199 в область латеральной поверхности правого бедра. Для сравнительной оценки противоопухолевой эффективности использовали ингибитор NOS под шифром Т1023, синтезированный в лаборатории радиационной фармакологии МРНЦ им. А.Ф. Цыба, и VEGF-ингибитор бевацизумаб (БВЗ). Животным первой опытной группы ежедневно, со 2 по 20 сутки вводили соединение Т1023 (60 мг/кг, в/б); второй опытной группы - трижды, на 2, 5 и 10 сут вводили БВЗ (12 мг/кг, в/б); третьей опытной группы - по этим схемам и в таких же дозах вводили и Т1023, и БВЗ (при комбинированном применении Т1023 вводили через 4 ч после введения БВЗ). Контрольным животным в качестве плацебо со 2 по 20 сутки вводили 0,9% раствор натрия хлорида (0,2 мл, в/б). Противоопухолевые эффекты оценивали, сравнивая размеры опухолевых узлов, длительность задержки роста и индекс торможения роста опухоли у контрольных и опытных животных. Гистологические методы исследования включали иммуноокрашивание на PCNA, CD31, пимонидазол и морфометрический анализ микроскопических изображений. Результаты сравнительных исследований показали, что соединение Т1023 и VEGF-ингибитор бевацизумаб (БВЗ) оказывают однонаправленное влияние на карциному легких Льюис (КЛЛ), сопровождающееся торможением роста и подавлением метастазирования неоплазии. Воздействие и Т1023, и БВЗ вызывало снижение содержания сосудов в перитуморальных зонах и в «горячих точках» ангиогенеза, усиливало гипоксию паренхимы КЛЛ и стимулировало апоптоз опухолевых клеток. При комбинированном применении Т1023 и БВЗ их антинеопластическая эффективность в отношении ингибирования ангиогенеза и девитализации опухолевых клеток соответствовала аддитивному действию. Заключение. Результаты позволяют предполагать, что основой противоопухолевой активности Т1023 является антиангиогенное действие и свидетельствуют о перспективности применения ингибиторов NOS в ангиостатической терапии солидных злокачественных новообразований в сочетании с имеющимися антинеоваскулярными средствами. The aim. Study of mechanisms of NOS inhibitor T1023 antitumor activity and estimation of its prospects for further development. Methods. Epidermoid Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) from N.N. Blokhin NMRCO bank of tumor materials was used as a tumor model. Maintenance of tumor cell culture was provided by intramuscular injection of tumor cells suspension to C57BL6j mice every 14 days. Then LLC cells were transplanted to male F1 mice (CBA´C57BL6j) by subcutaneous injection of 1,5×106 cells in 0,1 ml of 199 medium into the lateral surface of the right hip. Comparative studies of antitumor efficacy were carried out using NOS inhibitor T1023, synthesized in the laboratory of radiation pharmacology of A.F. Tsyb MRRC, and VEGF inhibitor Bevacizumab (BVZ). Mice from the first experimental group were injected intraperitoneally (ip) with compound T1023 at dose 60 mg / kg from day 2 to 20; animals from the second experimental group were treated with BVZ at dose 12 mg / kg ip at days 2, 5 and 10; the third experimental group received T1023 in combination with BVZ according to these schemes and at the same doses (T1023 was administered 4 hours after administration of BVZ). Mice from the control group received 0,9% sodium chloride solution (0,2 ml, ip) as a placebo daily from 2 to 20 days. Antitumor effects were assessed by comparing the tumor size, duration of tumor growth delay and the index of tumor growth inhibition in control and experimental groups. Histological examination methods included immunostaining on PCNA, CD31, pimonidazole and morphometric analysis of microscopic images. Results. Comparative studies have shown that compound T1023 and VEGF inhibitor Bevacizumab (BVZ) have unidirectional effects on Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), accompanied by growth inhibition and suppression of metastasis of neoplasia. The effect of both T1023 and BVZ caused a decrease in vascular content in the peritumoral zones and in the “hot spots” of angiogenesis, increased the hypoxia in the LLC parenchyma, and stimulated apoptosis of tumor cells. The combined use of T1023 and BVZ, caused the antineoplastic efficacy against inhibition of angiogenesis and devitalization of tumor cells which was estimated as additive effect. Conclusion. The results suggest that the basis of antitumor activity of T1023 is the anti-angiogenic effect and indicate the prospects of using NOS inhibitors in the angiostatic therapy of solid malignant neoplasms in combination with available anti-neovascular agents.

The natural compound podophyllotoxin induces growth inhibition and microtubule condensation on arabidopsis roots

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-262
Author(s):  
A. Costas-Gil ◽  
M.J. Reigosa ◽  
A.M. Sánchez-Moreiras
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Natural Compound
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