scholarly journals Metabolomics in the assessment of chemical-induced reproductive and developmental outcomes using non-invasive biological fluids: application to the study of butylbenzyl phthalate

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 703-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Sumner ◽  
Rodney Snyder ◽  
Jason Burgess ◽  
Christina Myers ◽  
Rochelle Tyl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Non Invasive

scholarly journals Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrodes: Response Mechanisms, Transducer Materials and Wearable Sensors

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Lyu ◽  
Shiyu Gan ◽  
Yu Bao ◽  
Lijie Zhong ◽  
Jianan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Double Layer Capacitance ◽  
Solid Contact ◽  
General Picture ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Potential Stability ◽  
Electric Double Layer Capacitance ◽  
Redox Capacitance

Wearable sensors based on solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) are currently attracting intensive attention in monitoring human health conditions through real-time and non-invasive analysis of ions in biological fluids. SC-ISEs have gone through a revolution with improvements in potential stability and reproducibility. The introduction of new transducing materials, the understanding of theoretical potentiometric responses, and wearable applications greatly facilitate SC-ISEs. We review recent advances in SC-ISEs including the response mechanism (redox capacitance and electric-double-layer capacitance mechanisms) and crucial solid transducer materials (conducting polymers, carbon and other nanomaterials) and applications in wearable sensors. At the end of the review we illustrate the existing challenges and prospects for future SC-ISEs. We expect this review to provide readers with a general picture of SC-ISEs and appeal to further establishing protocols for evaluating SC-ISEs and accelerating commercial wearable sensors for clinical diagnosis and family practice.

scholarly journals Promising Roles of Exosomal microRNAs in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqian Wang ◽  
Chenran Yue ◽  
Sheng Gao ◽  
Shuting Li ◽  
Jianan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Exosomal Mirnas ◽  
Exosomal Mirna

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterized by the loss of immune tolerance. Lupus nephritis (LN) is still a major cause of the morbidity and mortality of SLE. In clinical practice, diagnosis, and therapy of SLE is complicated and challenging due to lack of ideal biomarkers. Exosomes could be detected from numerous kinds of biological fluids and their specific contents are considered as hallmarks of autoimmune diseases. The exosomal miRNA profiles of SLE/LN patients significantly differ from those of the healthy controls making them as attractive biomarkers for renal injury. Exosomes are considered as optimal delivery vehicles owing to their higher stable, minimal toxicity, lower immunogenicity features and specific target effects. Endogenous miRNAs can be functionally transferred by exosomes from donor cells to recipient cells, displaying their immunomodulatory effects. In addition, it has been confirmed that exosomal miRNAs could directly interact with Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling pathways to regulate NF-κB activation and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. The present Review mainly focuses on the immunomodulatory effects of exosomal-miRNAs, the complex interplay between exosomes, miRNAs and TLR signaling pathways, and how the exosomal-miRNAs can become non-invasive diagnostic molecules and potential therapeutic strategies for the management of SLE.

scholarly journals Extraction of Exosomes from Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients’ Blood Plasma

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-238
Author(s):  
I. F. Gareev ◽  
O. A. Beylerli ◽  
Sh. Zhao ◽  
G. Yang ◽  
J. Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Experimental Protocol ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumour ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis

Introduction. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of primary malignant brain tumour in adults associated with a poor prognosis. Exosomes have been shown to be useful non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of tumours, GBM included. Exosomes play a role of biological carriers which can perform various tasks through various signalling pathways of carcinogenesis, such as PI3K/AKT, SOX2, PTEN, ERK and STAT3.Materials and methods. Exosomes were isolated from blood plasma taken from patients diagnosed with GBM prior to surgical resection.Results and discussion. Plasma exosomes from patients with GBM had spherical shape and varied in size from 40 to 100 nm matching the exosomes’ morphological characteristics. The combination of ultrafiltration and double ultracentrifugation makes it possible to extract exosome examples from plasma without the presence of contaminating particles over 100 nm in size; the shape and size of these vesicles match the characteristics of exosomes isolated from other biological fluids.Conclusion. The experimental protocol for the extraction of exosomes from GBM patients’ plasma described here proves effective as a method used to ensure the purity of exosomes. Applying this method offers further opportunities for research into the role of exosomes in GBM pathogenesis. Equally this method can be used in research involving other human pathologies.

scholarly journals Salivary biomarkers and proteomics: future diagnostic and clinical utilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
A. V. Mitronin ◽  
O. A. Khvorostenko ◽  
D. A. Ostanina ◽  
Yu. A. Mitronin
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biological Environment ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The search for new, fast and non-invasive methods of diagnosing diseases of both the oral cavity and general diseases of various etiologies and their introduction into practical health care is still a priority in the field of medicine. Among the known methods of analysis of biological fluids, a special place is occupied by the study of saliva. Oral fluid analysis has a high potential in screening for various diseases, since it contains a wide range of organic and inorganic compounds. A significant number of works have been devoted to the study of the quantitative and qualitative composition of the oral fluid, as well as to the study of saliva biomarkers, however, the study of the saliva proteome is at the stage of data accumulation. The lack of standardization in the collection of samples and methods of analysis, as well as poorly studied physiological and biochemical parameters of the oral fluid, hinders the introduction of advances in the study of the saliva proteome into diagnostic practice. The solution of these problems will allow the oral fluid to be used as a biological environment for both detecting diseases and predicting their course.

scholarly journals Non-invasive determination of uric acid in human saliva in the diagnosis of serious disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Vernerová ◽  
Lenka Kujovská Krčmová ◽  
Bohuslav Melichar ◽  
František Švec
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Human Saliva ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Single Publication

AbstractThis review summarizes and critically evaluates the published approaches and recent trends in sample pre-treatment, as well as both separation and non-separation techniques used for the determination of uric acid (UA) in saliva. UA is the final product of purine nucleotide catabolism in humans. UA concentrations in biological fluids such as serum, plasma, and urine represent an important biomarker of diseases including gout, hyperuricemia, or disorders associated with oxidative stress. Previous studies reported correlation between UA concentrations detected in saliva and in the blood. The interest in UA has been increasing during the past 20 years from a single publication in 2000 to 34 papers in 2019 according to MEDLINE search using term “uric acid in saliva”. The evaluation of salivary UA levels can contribute to non-invasive diagnosis of many serious diseases. Increased salivary UA concentration is associated with cancer, HIV, gout, and hypertension. In contrast, low UA levels are associated with Alzheimer disease, progression of multiple sclerosis, and mild cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Wearable Biosensors: An Alternative and Practical Approach in Healthcare and Disease Monitoring

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 748
Author(s):  
Atul Sharma ◽  
Mihaela Badea ◽  
Swapnil Tiwari ◽  
Jean Louis Marty
Keyword(s):  
Population Aging ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Biomedical Monitoring ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Control

With the increasing prevalence of growing population, aging and chronic diseases continuously rising healthcare costs, the healthcare system is undergoing a vital transformation from the traditional hospital-centered system to an individual-centered system. Since the 20th century, wearable sensors are becoming widespread in healthcare and biomedical monitoring systems, empowering continuous measurement of critical biomarkers for monitoring of the diseased condition and health, medical diagnostics and evaluation in biological fluids like saliva, blood, and sweat. Over the past few decades, the developments have been focused on electrochemical and optical biosensors, along with advances with the non-invasive monitoring of biomarkers, bacteria and hormones, etc. Wearable devices have evolved gradually with a mix of multiplexed biosensing, microfluidic sampling and transport systems integrated with flexible materials and body attachments for improved wearability and simplicity. These wearables hold promise and are capable of a higher understanding of the correlations between analyte concentrations within the blood or non-invasive biofluids and feedback to the patient, which is significantly important in timely diagnosis, treatment, and control of medical conditions. However, cohort validation studies and performance evaluation of wearable biosensors are needed to underpin their clinical acceptance. In the present review, we discuss the importance, features, types of wearables, challenges and applications of wearable devices for biological fluids for the prevention of diseased conditions and real-time monitoring of human health. Herein, we summarize the various wearable devices that are developed for healthcare monitoring and their future potential has been discussed in detail.

scholarly journals A Non-Invasive Method for Detection of Antihypertensive Drugs in Biological Fluids: The Salivary Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Avataneo ◽  
Elvira Fanelli ◽  
Amedeo De Nicolò ◽  
Franco Rabbia ◽  
Alice Palermiti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Real Life ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Target Values

Objectives: Arterial hypertension is still the most frequent cause of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality. Antihypertensive treatment has proved effective in reduction of cardiovascular risk. Nevertheless, lifestyle interventions and pharmacological therapy in some cases are ineffective in reaching blood pressure target values, despite full dose and poly-pharmacological treatment. Poor adherence to medications is an important cause of treatment failure. Different methods to assess therapeutic adherence are currently available: Therapeutic drug monitoring in biological fluids has previously demonstrated its efficacy and reliability. Plasma and urine have been already used for this purpose, but they may be affected by some practical limitations. Saliva may represent a feasible alternative.Methods: Fourteen antihypertensive drugs and two metabolites were simultaneously tested in plasma, urine, and saliva. Tested molecules included: atenolol, nebivolol, clonidine, ramipril, olmesartan, telmisartan, valsartan, amlodipine, nifedipine, doxazosin, chlorthalidone, hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide, sacubitril, ramiprilat, and sacubitrilat. Therapeutic drug monitoring was performed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The method has been preliminarily evaluated in a cohort of hypertensive patients.Results: The method has been validated according to US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines. The application on a cohort of 32 hypertensive patients has demonstrated sensibility and specificity of 98% and 98.1%, respectively, with a good feasibility in real-life clinical practice.Conclusion: Saliva may represent a feasible biological sample for therapeutic drug monitoring by non-invasive collection, prompt availability, and potential accessibility also in out-of-clinic settings.

scholarly journals snoRNAs Offer Novel Insight and Promising Perspectives for Lung Cancer Understanding and Management

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour-El-Houda Mourksi ◽  
Chloé Morin ◽  
Tanguy Fenouil ◽  
Jean-Jacques Diaz ◽  
Virginie Marcel
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Tumorigenesis And Progression ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Nucleolar Rnas

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are non-coding RNAs localized in the nucleolus, where they participate in the cleavage and chemical modification of ribosomal RNAs. Their biogenesis and molecular functions have been extensively studied since their identification in the 1960s. However, their role in cancer has only recently started to emerge. In lung cancer, efforts to profile snoRNA expression have enabled the definition of snoRNA-related signatures, not only in tissues but also in biological fluids, exposing these small RNAs as potential non-invasive biomarkers. Moreover, snoRNAs appear to be essential actors of lung cancer onset and dissemination. They affect diverse cellular functions, from regulation of the cell proliferation/death balance to promotion of cancer cell plasticity. snoRNAs display both oncogenic and tumor suppressive activities that are pivotal in lung cancer tumorigenesis and progression. Altogether, we review how further insight into snoRNAs may improve our understanding of basic lung cancer biology and the development of innovative diagnostic tools and therapies.

scholarly journals Non-invasive glucose monitoring devices: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2609-2618
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farhan Affendi Mohamad Yunos ◽  
Anis Nurashikin Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Monitoring Devices

Diabetes is a growing chronic disease that affect millions of people in the world. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels in patients is necessary to keep the disease under control. Current methods of blood glucose monitoring devices are typically invasive, causing discomfort to the patients. Non-invasive glucose monitoring devices are a possible game changer for diabetic patients as it reduces discomfort and provides continuous monitoring. This manuscript presents a review of non-invasive glucose biosensors with particular focus on leading technologies available in the market, such as microwave sensing, near-infrared spectroscopy, iontophoresis, and optical methods. This paper intends to describe non-invasive blood glucose monitoring methods using various biological fluids (sweat, saliva, interstitial fluid, urine), highlighting the advantages and drawbacks in latest device development. This review also discusses future trends of glucose detection devices and how it will improve patients’ quality of life.

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