On the role of operant contingencies in the maintenance of inappropriate mealtime behavior: An epidemiological analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdeep Saini ◽  
Ashley S. Andersen ◽  
Joshua Jessel ◽  
Hanna Vance
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Mealtime Behavior ◽  
Inappropriate Mealtime Behavior

scholarly journals Trends and Clinico-Epidemiological Features of Human Rabies Cases in Bangladesh, 2006–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s416-s416
Author(s):  
Sumon Ghosh ◽  
Md. Sohel Rana ◽  
Sukanta Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Death Cases ◽  
Death Data

Background: Vaccinating dogs against rabies is an effective means of reducing human rabies. Methods: We analyzed 1,327 clinically diagnosed human rabies deaths and mass dog vaccination (MDV) data during 2006–2018 to quantify the impacts of MDV on human rabies incidence in Bangladesh and a subset of rabies death data (n = 422) for clinico-epidemiological analysis. Results: We found a positive and increasing trend of dog population vaccination (P = .01 and τ = 0.71) and a negative and declining trend (P < .001 and τ = −0.88) of human rabies cases (correlation coefficient, −0.82). Among 422 human rabies death cases, most victims (78%) sought treatment from traditional healers, and 12% received postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). The mean incubation period of rabies cases with exposure sites on the head and neck (35 days) was shorter than the upper limb (mean, 64 days; P = .02) and lower limb (mean, 89 days; P < .01). MDV is effective for reducing human rabies cases in Bangladesh. Conclusions: Creating awareness among the animal bite victims to stop relying on traditional healers rather seeking PEP, addressing the role of traditional healers through an awareness education program in respect to the treatment of dog bites, ensuring availability of PEP, and continuing to scale up MDV can help prevent human rabies deaths.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiological analysis of wild animal rabies isolates from India

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gundallhalli Bayyappa Manjunatha Reddy ◽  
Rajendra Singh ◽  
Karam Pal Singh ◽  
Anil Kumar Sharma ◽  
Sobharani Vineetha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Nucleoprotein Gene ◽  
Single Cluster

Aim: This study was conducted to know the genetic variability of rabies viruses (RVs) from wild animals in India. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 rabies suspected brain samples of wild animals from different states of India were included in the study. The samples were subjected for direct fluorescent antibody test (dFAT), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). The phylogenetic analysis of partial nucleoprotein gene sequences was performed. Results: Of 20 samples, 11, 10, and 12 cases were found positive by dFAT, RT-PCR, and RT-qPCR, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all Indian wild RVs isolates belonged to classical genotype 1 of Lyssavirus and were closely related to Arctic/Arctic-like single cluster indicating the possibility of a spillover of rabies among different species. Conclusion: The results indicated the circulation of similar RVs in sylvatic and urban cycles in India. However, understanding the role of wild animals as reservoir host needs to be studied in India.

scholarly journals Ecological aspects of American cutaneous leishmaniasis: 4. Observations on the endophilic behavior of the sandfly and the vectorial role of Psychodopygus intermedius in the Ribeira Valley region of the S.Paulo State, Brazil

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almério de Castro Gomes ◽  
Jair Lício Ferreira Santos ◽  
Eunice Aparecida Bianchi Galati
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Artificial Environment ◽  
Vectorial Function ◽  
Lutzomyia Migonei

The invasive tendency of Psychodopygus intermedius in the home environment, observed initially by Forattini et al. (1976), has now been confirmed by the demonstration of its high endophilic ability and by the use of human residences for shelter. Populations such as Lutzomyia migonei and Pintomyia fischeri were also present in that environment, though their low densities registered during this investigation could be an indication of their poor ability to overcome the barriers raised by the artificial environment. An objective epidemiological analysis based on the variables here given showed that human infection takes place in the extraforest environment, and the principal vectorial function falls, without doubt, on P. intermedius.

A Multi-Component Treatment to Reduce Packing in Children With Feeding and Autism Spectrum Disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 940-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren S. Levin ◽  
Valerie M. Volkert ◽  
Cathleen C. Piazza
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Feeding Disorders ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Feeding Problems ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mealtime Behavior ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Inappropriate Mealtime Behavior

Despite the high prevalence and potential negative consequences of feeding disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there are surprisingly few studies that examine the efficacy of treatment exclusively with these children. Children with feeding disorders also frequently exhibit packing (holding or pocketing food without swallowing). Investigators have evaluated procedures in the general pediatric population to treat packing, and some have shown that procedures need to be combined to form an effective treatment. Although investigators have evaluated the efficacy of re-distribution, swallow facilitation, and a chaser, these procedures have not been evaluated specifically with children with ASD. Prior to the current investigation, we successfully used nonremoval procedures to increase acceptance of pureed foods and liquids and decrease the inappropriate mealtime behavior of two children diagnosed with ASD and feeding problems; however, in each case, packing emerged during initial treatment. We then used different combinations of re-distribution, swallow facilitation, and chaser treatments to decrease packing for both children.

scholarly journals A Review of the Literature on the Functional Analysis of Inappropriate Mealtime Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-154
Author(s):  
Abby Hodges ◽  
Tonya N. Davis ◽  
Marie Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Challenging Behavior ◽  
Treatment Selection ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Mealtime Behavior ◽  
Procedural Components ◽  
Inappropriate Mealtime Behavior

A functional analysis is a well-established and widely used assessment in the treatment of challenging behavior. Given the fact that functional analysis results can inform treatment selection and procedures, a review of the current literature regarding functional analysis of inappropriate mealtime behavior (IMB) is warranted as it may guide researchers in conducting a functional analysis prior to treating IMB. This review summarizes the literature regarding functional analysis of IMB. Fourteen studies that implemented a functional analysis of IMB were identified and summarized based on procedural components of the functional analysis, results, and treatment selection. Results indicate functional analysis of IMB to be effective in the identification of variables maintaining IMB. Although functional analysis of IMB has been found to be helpful, several areas for further research and evaluation are identified.

scholarly journals CAREGIVER-CONDUCTED EXPERIMENTAL FUNCTIONAL ANALYSES OF INAPPROPRIATE MEALTIME BEHAVIOR

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel C. Najdowski ◽  
Michele D. Wallace ◽  
Becky Penrod ◽  
Jonathan Tarbox ◽  
Kara Reagon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mealtime Behavior ◽  
Functional Analyses ◽  
Inappropriate Mealtime Behavior

scholarly journals FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT OF MULTIPLY CONTROLLED INAPPROPRIATE MEALTIME BEHAVIOR

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 641-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie H. Bachmeyer ◽  
Cathleen C. Piazza ◽  
Laura D. Fredrick ◽  
Gregory K. Reed ◽  
Kristi D. Rivas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Mealtime Behavior ◽  
Inappropriate Mealtime Behavior

An Initial Evaluation of Trial-Based Functional Analyses of Inappropriate Mealtime Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby Hodges ◽  
Stephanie Gerow ◽  
Tonya N. Davis ◽  
Supriya Radhakrishnan ◽  
Amy Feind ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Evaluation ◽  
Mealtime Behavior ◽  
Functional Analyses ◽  
Inappropriate Mealtime Behavior

scholarly journals Comparative aetio-epidemiological analysis of lung tuberculosis versus sarcoidosis: classical and new concepts

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Alexey V. Nikolaev ◽  
Vladimir J. Utekhin ◽  
Leonid P. Churilov
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Lung Tuberculosis ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Frequent Relapses ◽  
Tuberculosis Chemotherapy ◽  
First Time

The review presents data on two similar granulomatous inflammatory diseases: tuberculosis and sarcoidosis of the lungs, which together cover about 5% of all pulmonary pathology, albeit occur with different incidence (20 : 1). Despite the established aetiology of tuberculosis, the disease has not disappeared and nowadays has even acquired a new urgency: It is getting out of control due to growing poverty, the comorbidity with HIV infection, increasing cases of drug resistance of Mycobacteria, insufficient effectiveness and the growing costs of its treatment. Against the background of the expansion of anthropogenic influences and other environmental impacts on the immune system, the incidence of lung sarcoidosis is also increasing, while patients are initially often misdiagnosed with tuberculosis, with resulting unjustified anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy, leading to chronization of the disease with frequent relapses and, accordingly, to an increase in disability and mortality rates. In recent years, clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis due to a variety of trigger aetiological factors with adjuvant-like action (from Mycobacteria to xenobiotics) are considered by a number of authors as a variant of autoimmune/autoinflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA). The article emphasizes the similarity of two granulomatous inflammatory diseases and the concept of two variants of the bodys response to similar or even identical aetiological factors within different human reactivity (possibly on a different mosaic/permissive background). In brief the newest data on experimental models of sarcoidosis are reviewed as well as the role of autophagy disorders and opposite macrophageal polarization in tuberculosis versus sarcoidosis. Authors coined the original hypothesis of the possible therapeutic effectiveness of Rapamycin in sarcoidosis and for the first time posed a question of equivocal character of comorbidity between these granulomatoses and COVID-19 infection.

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