Transfers of stimulus function during roulette wagering

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 819-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Dixon ◽  
Mary Rachel Enoch ◽  
Jordan Belisle
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Function

scholarly journals Sperm chemotaxis is driven by the slope of the chemoattractant concentration field

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Vicente Ramírez-Gómez ◽  
Vilma Jimenez Sabinina ◽  
Martín Velázquez Pérez ◽  
Carmen Beltran ◽  
Jorge Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Strongylocentrotus Purpuratus ◽  
Concentration Field ◽  
Stimulus Function ◽  
Frequency Entrainment ◽  
Sperm Chemotaxis ◽  
Coupling Force ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fundamental Requirement

Spermatozoa of marine invertebrates are attracted to their conspecific female gamete by diffusive molecules, called chemoattractants, released from the egg investments in a process known as chemotaxis. The information from the egg chemoattractant concentration field is decoded into intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) changes that regulate the internal motors that shape the flagellum as it beats. By studying sea urchin species-specific differences in sperm chemoattractant-receptor characteristics we show that receptor density constrains the steepness of the chemoattractant concentration gradient detectable by spermatozoa. Through analyzing different chemoattractant gradient forms, we demonstrate for the first time that Strongylocentrotus purpuratus sperm are chemotactic and this response is consistent with frequency entrainment of two coupled physiological oscillators: i) the stimulus function and ii) the [Ca2+]i changes. We demonstrate that the slope of the chemoattractant gradients provides the coupling force between both oscillators, arising as a fundamental requirement for sperm chemotaxis.

A Scale-Invariant Internal Representation of Time

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthik H. Shankar ◽  
Marc W. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Laplace Transform ◽  
Internal Representation ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Invariant Representation ◽  
Scale Invariant ◽  
Stimulus Function ◽  
The Laplace Transform ◽  
Representation Of Time ◽  
Temporal Spread

We propose a principled way to construct an internal representation of the temporal stimulus history leading up to the present moment. A set of leaky integrators performs a Laplace transform on the stimulus function, and a linear operator approximates the inversion of the Laplace transform. The result is a representation of stimulus history that retains information about the temporal sequence of stimuli. This procedure naturally represents more recent stimuli more accurately than less recent stimuli; the decrement in accuracy is precisely scale invariant. This procedure also yields time cells that fire at specific latencies following the stimulus with a scale-invariant temporal spread. Combined with a simple associative memory, this representation gives rise to a moment-to-moment prediction that is also scale invariant in time. We propose that this scale-invariant representation of temporal stimulus history could serve as an underlying representation accessible to higher-level behavioral and cognitive mechanisms. In order to illustrate the potential utility of this scale-invariant representation in a variety of fields, we sketch applications using minimal performance functions to problems in classical conditioning, interval timing, scale-invariant learning in autoshaping, and the persistence of the recency effect in episodic memory across timescales.

The Interaction between Discriminative Stimuli and Outcomes during Instrumental Learning

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (1b) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Dickinson ◽  
Sanne de Wit
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Food Pellet ◽  
Instrumental Learning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Instrumental Performance ◽  
Stimulus Function ◽  
Associative Structures ◽  
Congruent Group ◽  
Biconditional Discrimination

Rats were trained on a biconditional discrimination in which the delivery of a food pellet stimulus signalled that pressing on one of two levers would be reinforced, whereas the delivery of a sucrose solution stimulus signalled that the reward was contingent on pressing the other lever. The outcome was the same food type as the discriminative stimulus in the congruent group but the other food type in the incongruent group. Both responses were rewarded with the same outcome in the same group. All the three groups learned the discrimination at statistically indistinguishable rates. Prefeeding one of the outcomes selectively reduced the associated response thereby demonstrating that responding was mediated by a representation of the outcome. Moreover, the outcome of one trial controlled responding on the next trial in accord with the stimulus function of the food type. These results are discussed in relation to the associative structures mediating the discriminative control of instrumental performance.

scholarly journals Sperm chemotaxis is driven by the slope of the chemoattractant concentration field

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.V. Ramírez-Gómez ◽  
V. Jimenez Sabinina ◽  
M. Velázquez-Pérez ◽  
C. Beltrán ◽  
J. Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Concentration Field ◽  
Stimulus Function ◽  
Frequency Entrainment ◽  
Sperm Chemotaxis ◽  
Coupling Force ◽  
Intracellular Ca ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fundamental Requirement

AbstractSpermatozoa of marine invertebrates are attracted to their conspecific female gamete by diffusive molecules, called chemoattractants, released from the egg investments in a process known as chemotaxis. The information from the egg chemoattractant concentration field is decoded into intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) changes that regulate the internal motors that shape the flagellum as it beats. By studying sea urchin species-specific differences in sperm chemoattractant-receptor characteristics we show that receptor density constrains the steepness of the chemoattractant concentration gradient detectable by spermatozoa. Through analyzing different chemoattractant gradient forms, we demonstrate for the first time that Strongylocentrotus purpuratus sperm are chemotactic and this response is consistent with frequency entrainment of two coupled physiological oscillators: i) the stimulus function and ii) the [Ca2+]i changes. We demonstrate that the slope of the chemoattractant gradients provides the coupling force between both oscillators, arising as a fundamental requirement for sperm chemotaxis.

Establishing arbitrary comparative relations and referential transformations of stimulus function in individuals with autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 938-955
Author(s):  
Jordan Belisle ◽  
Caleb R. Stanley ◽  
Ayla Schmick ◽  
Mark R. Dixon ◽  
Amani Alholail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Function ◽  
Comparative Relations

scholarly journals Generalized Reflexive Responding and Cross-Modal Tactile Transfer of Stimulus Function in Children with Autism

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-250
Author(s):  
Jordan Belisle ◽  
Kate Huggins ◽  
Meghan Doherty ◽  
Caleb R. Stanley ◽  
Mark R. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Children With Autism ◽  
Stimulus Function

Stimulus Function in Errorless Simultaneous Discrimination

1971 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Biederman ◽  
V. A. Colotla
Keyword(s):  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Negative Stimulus ◽  
Simultaneous Discrimination ◽  
Original Training ◽  
Errorless Learning ◽  
Stimulus Function

Pigeons trained to perform a simultaneous visual discrimination with few or no errors by a procedure in which the negative stimulus (S—) was gradually introduced, preferred a neutral (novel) stimulus (S°) to the S—used in the original training. Ss receiving more abrupt presentation of S— and who made more errors, chose randomly between S— and S°. These data suggest that S— may be inhibitory or aversive following errorless learning.

Reversibility of Stimulus Function Under Hypnosis

1949 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Bowles ◽  
N. H. Pronko
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Function
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document