scholarly journals Cytochrome c oxidase‐modulatory near‐infrared light penetration into the human brain: Implications for the noninvasive treatment of ischemia/reperfusion injury

IUBMB Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul T. Morse ◽  
Dennis J. Goebel ◽  
Junmei Wan ◽  
Samuel Tuck ◽  
Lara Hakim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Noninvasive Treatment

scholarly journals Cardioprotection from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Near-Infrared Light in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 505-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan J. Quirk ◽  
Purabi Sonowal ◽  
Mohammad-Ali Jazayeri ◽  
John E. Baker ◽  
Harry T. Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Near Infrared Light

scholarly journals Brain-Specific Serine-47 Modification of Cytochrome c Regulates Cytochrome c Oxidase Activity Attenuating ROS Production and Cell Death: Implications for Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Akt Signaling

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasini A. Kalpage ◽  
Junmei Wan ◽  
Paul T. Morse ◽  
Icksoo Lee ◽  
Maik Hüttemann
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
The Brain

We previously reported that serine-47 (S47) phosphorylation of cytochrome c (Cytc) in the brain results in lower cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity and caspase-3 activity in vitro. We here analyze the effect of S47 modification in fibroblast cell lines stably expressing S47E phosphomimetic Cytc, unphosphorylated WT, or S47A Cytc. Our results show that S47E Cytc results in partial inhibition of mitochondrial respiration corresponding with lower mitochondrial membrane potentials (ΔΨm) and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. When exposed to an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model simulating ischemia/reperfusion injury, the Cytc S47E phosphomimetic cell line showed minimal ROS generation compared to the unphosphorylated WT Cytc cell line that generated high levels of ROS upon reoxygenation. Consequently, the S47E Cytc cell line also resulted in significantly lower cell death upon exposure to OGD/R, confirming the cytoprotective role of S47 phosphorylation of Cytc. S47E Cytc also resulted in lower cell death upon H2O2 treatment. Finally, we propose that pro-survival kinase Akt (protein kinase B) is a likely mediator of the S47 phosphorylation of Cytc in the brain. Akt inhibitor wortmannin abolished S47 phosphorylation of Cytc, while the Akt activator SC79 maintained S47 phosphorylation of Cytc. Overall, our results suggest that loss of S47 phosphorylation of Cytc during brain ischemia drives reperfusion injury through maximal electron transport chain flux, ΔΨm hyperpolarization, and ROS-triggered cell death.

scholarly journals Inhibiting Cytochrome C Oxidase Leads to Alleviated Ischemia Reperfusion Injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoyun Yang ◽  
Zhongxin Duan ◽  
Tian Yu ◽  
Junmei Xu ◽  
Lei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion

scholarly journals Use of Vibrational Optical Coherence Tomography to Characterize Skin Lesions and a Congenital Nevus

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
H Silver Frederick ◽  
◽  
G Shah Ruchit ◽  
Kelkar Nikita ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Melanocytic Nevus ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Congenital Nevus

We have used vibrational optical coherence tomography (VOCT) to image and measure the mechanical properties of normal skin and skin lesions. It is observed that in a congenital nevus and normal skin, the cellular epidermis is qualitatively not as bright as in skin lesions including basal cell carcinoma, actinic keratosis and a melanocytic nevus. Melanin and cytochrome c oxidase are reported to attenuate the reflection of near-infrared light at a wavelength of 810 nm and therefore may explain the reduced reflection of light in a congenital nevus and normal skin under conditions where cytochrome c oxidase levels would be expected to be high. Our results suggest that the melanin and cytochrome c oxidase levels found in congenital nevus and skin lesions may influence the observed pixel density observed in OCT images. For this reason, a correction for the content of these components in the skin must be considered before quantitative pixel measurements can be correctly interpreted. Additional measurements of pixel density along with the moduli of cellular and collagenous components in skin and skin lesions are needed to further interpret the significance of “virtual biopsies” made using VOCT.

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