Within-species phenotypic diversity enhances resistance to stress - A case study using the polymorphic species Bosmina longirostris

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Adamczuk ◽  
Tomasz Mieczan
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Bosmina Longirostris ◽  
Polymorphic Species ◽  
Resistance To Stress

scholarly journals Modelling of genetic interactions improves prediction of hybrid patterns – a case study in domestic fowl

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSÉ M. ÁLVAREZ-CASTRO ◽  
ARNAUD LE ROUZIC ◽  
LEIF ANDERSSON ◽  
PAUL B. SIEGEL ◽  
ÖRJAN CARLBORG
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Multiple Loci ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Gene Complexes ◽  
Trait Locus

SummaryA major challenge in complex trait genetics is to unravel how multiple loci and environmental factors together cause phenotypic diversity. Both first (F1) and second (F2) generation hybrids often display phenotypes that deviate from what is expected under intermediate inheritance. We have here studied two chicken F2 populations generated by crossing divergent chicken lines to assess how epistatic loci, identified in earlier quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies, contribute to hybrid deviations from the mid-parent phenotype. Empirical evidence suggests that the average phenotypes of the intercross birds tend to be lower than the midpoint between the parental means in both crosses. Our results confirm that epistatic interactions, despite a relatively small contribution to the phenotypic variance, play an important role in the deviation of hybrid phenotypes from the mid-parent values (i.e. multi-locus hybrid genotypes lead to lower rather than higher body weights). To a lesser extent, dominance also appears to contribute to the mid-parent deviation, at least in one of the crosses. This observation coincides with the hypothesis that hybridization tends to break up co-adapted gene complexes, i.e. generate Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller incompatibilities.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Molecular Diversity vs Phenotypic Diversity in Attaining Heterosis -A Case Study with Tomato

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-265
Author(s):  
Hem Raj Bhandari ◽  
◽  
Kartikeya Srivastava ◽  
Subrata Biswas ◽  
Manoj Kumar Tripathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity

scholarly journals Does a polymorphic species have a ‘polymorphic’ diet? A case study from a lacertid lizard

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 492-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Scali ◽  
Roberto Sacchi ◽  
Marco Mangiacotti ◽  
Fabio Pupin ◽  
Augusto Gentilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lacertid Lizard ◽  
Polymorphic Species

scholarly journals Nets-within-nets for modeling emergent patterns in ontogenetic processes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Bardini ◽  
Alfredo Benso ◽  
Gianfranco Politano ◽  
Stefano Di Carlo
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Environmental Perturbations ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Hierarchical Relations ◽  
Vulval Precursor Cells ◽  
Modeling Strategy ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Dynamic Interplay

ABSTRACTOntogenesis is the development of an organism from its earliest stage to maturity, including homeostasis maintenance throughout adulthood despite environmental perturbations. Almost all cells of a multicellular organism share the same genomic information. Nevertheless, phenotypic diversity and complex supra-cellular architectures emerge at every level, starting from tissues and organs. This is possible thanks to a robust and dynamic interplay of regulative mechanisms.To study ontogenesis, it is necessary to consider different levels of regulation, both genetic and epigenetic. Each cell undergoes a specific path across a landscape of possible regulative states affecting both its structure and its functions during development. This paper proposes using the Nets-Within-Nets formalism, which combines Petri Nets’ simplicity with the capability to represent and simulate the interplay between different layers of regulation connected by non-trivial and context-dependent hierarchical relations.In particular, this work introduces a modeling strategy based on Nets-Within-Nets that can model several critical processes involved in ontogenesis. Moreover, it presents a case study focusing on the first phase of Vulval Precursor Cells specification in C. Elegans. The case study shows that the proposed model can simulate the emergent morphogenetic pattern corresponding to the observed developmental outcome of that phase, in both the physiological case and different mutations. The model presented in the results section is available online at https://github.com/sysbio-polito/NWN_CElegans_VPC_model/

scholarly journals Visualizing the phenotype diversity: a case study of Alexander disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. e28
Author(s):  
Eisuke Dohi ◽  
Ali Haider Bangash
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Disease Patient ◽  
Portable Document Format ◽  
Alexander Disease ◽  
Disease Phenotypes ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Phenotype Diversity ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Document Format

Since only a small number of patients have a rare disease, it is difficult to identify all of the features of these diseases. This is especially true for patients presenting with the rarest diseases. It can also be difficult for the patient, their families, and even clinicians to know which one of a number of disease phenotypes the patient is exhibiting. This, again, is especially true for patients uncommonly presenting with rare diseases. To address this issue, during Biomedical Linked Annotation Hackathon 7 (BLAH7), we tried to extract Alexander disease patient data in Portable Document Format. We then visualized the phenotypic diversity of those Alexander disease patients with uncommon presentations. This led to us identifying several issues that we need to overcome in our future work.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

Sociocultural memory development research drives new directions in gadgetry science

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Van Bergen ◽  
John Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.

Construction of plastic contact deformation maps on ceramics: a case study on aluminum nitride

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
D. L. Callahan
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bright Field Image ◽  
Perfectly Plastic ◽  
Contrast Analysis ◽  
Deformation Patterns

Modern polishing, precision machining and microindentation techniques allow the processing and mechanical characterization of ceramics at nanometric scales and within entirely plastic deformation regimes. The mechanical response of most ceramics to such highly constrained contact is not predictable from macroscopic properties and the microstructural deformation patterns have proven difficult to characterize by the application of any individual technique. In this study, TEM techniques of contrast analysis and CBED are combined with stereographic analysis to construct a three-dimensional microstructure deformation map of the surface of a perfectly plastic microindentation on macroscopically brittle aluminum nitride.The bright field image in Figure 1 shows a lg Vickers microindentation contained within a single AlN grain far from any boundaries. High densities of dislocations are evident, particularly near facet edges but are not individually resolvable. The prominent bend contours also indicate the severity of plastic deformation. Figure 2 is a selected area diffraction pattern covering the entire indentation area.

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