Top-Down Control of Reed Detritus Processing in a Lake Littoral Zone: Experimental Evidence of a Seasonal Compensation between Fish and Invertebrate Predation

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Mancinelli ◽  
Maria Letizia Costantini ◽  
Loreto Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Invertebrate Predation ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Lake Littoral ◽  
Detritus Processing

TESTING GOAL-DRIVEN CAPTURE BY THREAT

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Robert Harrison Brown
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Attentional Capture ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Contingent Capture ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Affective Stimuli ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
Positive Stimuli

Attention has long been characterised within prominent models as reflecting a competition between goal-driven and stimulus-driven processes. It remains unclear, however, how involuntary attentional capture by affective stimuli, such as threat-laden content, fits into such models. While such effects were traditionally held to reflect stimulus-driven processes, recent research has increasingly implicated a critical role of goal-driven processes. Here we test an alternative goal-driven account of involuntary attentional capture by threat, using an experimental manipulation of goal-driven attention. To this end we combined the classic ‘contingent capture’ and ‘emotion-induced blink’ (EIB) paradigms in an RSVP task with both positive or threatening target search goals. Across six experiments, positive and threat distractors were presented in peripheral, parafoveal, and central locations. Across all distractor locations, we found that involuntary attentional capture by irrelevant threatening distractors could be induced via the adoption of a search goal for a threatening category; adopting a goal for a positive category conversely led to capture only by positive stimuli. Our findings provide direct experimental evidence for a causal role of voluntary goals in involuntary capture by irrelevant threat stimuli, and hence demonstrate the plausibility of a top-down account of this phenomenon. We discuss the implications of these findings in relation to current cognitive models of attention and clinical disorders.

Top-down control in pelagic systems: a role for invertebrate predation

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 491 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C. Blumenshine ◽  
K.D. Hambright
Keyword(s):  
Invertebrate Predation ◽  
Top Down

Dance flies from shore zone of Lake Krivoe, Northern Karelia (Diptera: Empididae, Hybotidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-334
Author(s):  
A.A. Przhiboro ◽  
I.V. Shamshev
Keyword(s):  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Oligotrophic Lake ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Shore Zone ◽  
Lake Littoral ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Northern European Russia ◽  
First Time

A list of 12 species collected or reared from the shore zone of an oligotrophic lake in Northern Karelia is given. Platypalpus rossicus Kovalev is for the first time recorded from Northern Europe and reared. P. nonstriatus (Strobl) and Hemerodromia raptoria Meigen are for the first time recorded from northern European Russia; the latter species is shown to develop in the lake littoral zone.

scholarly journals Diversity of littoral zoobenthos in Lake Arakhley (Transbaikalia) during the arid phase

2021 ◽  
Vol 908 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
P V Matafonov
Keyword(s):  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Deep Lake ◽  
Lake Littoral ◽  
Climate Aridization ◽  
Eastern Periphery ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Littoral Zoobenthos

Abstract There is little data available on the zoobenthos of the Baikal region’s eastern periphery water bodies in low-water years. The taxonomic diversity of zoobenthos of the littoral zone of a deep lake (Arakhley, Transbaikalia) was studied in an extremely low-water year, 2017. The zoobenthos of the lake littoral zone was represented by 44 taxa. Chironomids accounted for 41% of the zoobenthos taxonomic diversity, 14% each – gastropods and leeches. The taxonomic diversity of the littoral zoobenthos in different parts of the lake varied from 19 to 24 taxa and averaged 22.3 ± 1.97 taxa. The relationship between taxonomic diversity and depth in Lake Arakhley is described by polynomial dependence. Deviations from the relationship identified at the periphery of vegetation thickets were due to the ecotone effect. Obtained data shows the state of zoobenthos taxonomic diversity under conditions of climate aridization and the reduction of littoral sandy habitats.

A Computational Cognitive Model of the Brain

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Shi ◽  
Hong Hu ◽  
Zhongzhi Shi
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Representation ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Similarity Measurement ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Knowledge Accumulation ◽  
Computational Explanation ◽  
The Brain

Recent fruitful progresses on brain science have largely broadened our understanding of the cerebrum. These great works led us to propose a computational cognitive model based on a graphical model that we carried out before. The model possesses many attractive properties, including distinctive knowledge representation, the capability of knowledge accumulation, active (top-down) attention, subjective similarity measurement, and attention-guided disambiguation. It also has “consciousness” and can even “think” and “make inference.” To some extent, it works just like the human brain does. The experimental evidence demonstrates that it can give reasonable computational explanation on the human phenomenon of forgetting. Although there are still some undetermined details and neurobiological mechanisms deserving consideration, our work presents a meaningful attempt to give further insights into the brain’s functions.

Subject Islands, Reconstruction, and the Flow of the Computation

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Bianchi ◽  
Cristiano Chesi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Level Versus ◽  
Retrieval Mechanism ◽  
Total Reconstruction ◽  
Intransitive Verbs

Recent research has highlighted a remarkable variability in subject island effects. Focusing on intransitive verbs and adjectives, we argue that islandhood is determined at the syntax-semantics interface: subjects qualify as islands when they are interpreted outside the predicative nucleus of the clause, in a categorical LF structure ( Ladusaw 1994 ); they are transparent for extraction when they undergo total reconstruction into the predicative nucleus, giving rise to a thetic structure. The thetic/categorical interpretation depends on various factors (most notably the stage-level versus individual-level nature of the predicate), whose interaction accounts for the observed variability of island effects, as shown by our experimental evidence. The relevance of subject reconstruction need not be stipulated; rather, it follows from a top-down-oriented computation, in which movement dependencies are implemented by a storage-and-retrieval mechanism.

Influence of a shrub corridor on movements of passerine birds to a lake littoral zone

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Dmowski ◽  
Michal Kozakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Lake Littoral
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