scholarly journals Effects of different amendments (organic matter and hydrogel) on the actual evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of turf grass under field conditions *

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gladys L. Bandenay ◽  
Arianna Renau‐Pruñonosa ◽  
Ignacio Morell ◽  
María V. Esteller
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Turf Grass

Effect of biochar and compost on soil properties and organic matter in aggregate size fractions under field conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 106882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Cooper ◽  
Isabel Greenberg ◽  
Bernard Ludwig ◽  
Laura Hippich ◽  
Daniel Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Size Fractions

scholarly journals Limitations to Productivity of Some Ultisol and Oxisol Subsoils

1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-210
Author(s):  
K. Dale Ritchey ◽  
Richard H. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Isothermic Surface ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
High Level

Greenhouse experiments with maize were carried out to see if the reported infertility of some subsoils could be improved with mineral fertilization and efficient watering. It was shown that the Nipe soil series (Typic Acrorthox; clayey, oxidic, isohyperthermic) exposed subsoil was as productive as the Carreras series (Aquic Tropohumult; clayey, kaolinitic, isohyperthermic) surface soil when N, K, micronutrients and 600 ppm P were added and the pots were watered by means of wicks. Carreras subsoil, when limed and fertilized with N, K, 300 ppm P, 100 ppm Mg and 36 ppm Zn produced as well as Carreras surface soil, even though it contained only about one-third as much organic matter. A comparison among eight surface and subsoils showed that yields on limed, liberally fertilized, well-watered Los Guineos series (Epiaquic Humoxic Tropohumult; clayey, kaolinitic, isothermic) surface soil, Carreras surface soil, Piña series (Psammentic Haplorthox; sandy, isohyperthermic) surface soil, Los Guineos subsoil, Piña subsoil and Catalina series (Tropeptic Haplorthox; clayey, oxidic, isohyperthermic) surface soil were not significantly different. However, the yield on the least productive of two Catalina subsoils was only 64 percent of the yield on the Los Guineos surface soil. But with the addition of Zn and slightly over 1,000 ppm P, greenhouse pot yields on the two soils were essentially the same. Field experiments will be necessary to determine optimum P rates under field conditions. It was concluded that the productivity in greenhouse pots of surface and subsoils of the Ultisols and Oxisols studied can all be brought to the same high level, provided adequate mineral fertilization (including Zn and high P rates), lime and water management are used.

scholarly journals Measurements of the actual evapotranspiration and crop coefficients of summer and winter seasons crops in Japan

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Attarod ◽  
M. Aoki
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Bowen Ratio ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Rye Grass ◽  
Balance Technique ◽  
Crop Coefficients

The main goal was to understand the trends of actual evapotranspiration (AET) and crop coefficient (<I>K<sub>c</sub></I>) in summer and winter seasons crops in Japan, maize, soybean, wheat and Italian rye-grass. Bowen ratio energy balance technique (BREB) was applied to measure the AET and heat flux between ground surface and atmosphere. Measurements were carried out using an automatic weather station (AWS) installed seasonally in the experimental farm of Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT). Penman-Monteith equation recommended by FAO was used to calculate reference crop evapotranspiration (ET<SUB>0</SUB>) and <I>K<sub>c</sub></I> was obtained from the ratio of AET to ET<SUB>0</SUB>. The results indicated that the average amount of daytime AET in the winter and summer seasons crops were approximately 2.5 and 3.5 mm, respectively monthly daytime. Daytime AET varied between 1.3 and 5.7 mm in winter season crops and between 1.4 and 6.5 mm in summer season crops. No significant differences between daily average values of AET for winter season as well as for summer season crops were found at 5% level of confidence (<I>t</I> = 0.9278, wheat and Italian rye-grass and <I>t</I> = 0.6781, soybean and maize). Average <I>K<sub>c</sub></I> values of summer season crops were found to be slightly higher than those of winter seasons crops. For planning the irrigation scheduling, it is quite necessary to understand the behaviors of AET and <I>K<sub>c</sub></I> during the growing season.

scholarly journals Organic matter cycling in a neotropical reservoir: effects of temperature and experimental conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Bottino ◽  
Maria do Carmo Calijuri ◽  
Kevin Joseph Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Litter Bag ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Eichhornia Azurea ◽  
Organic Matter Cycling

AIM:This study reports a comparison between decomposition kinetics of detritus derived from two macrophyte species (Polygonum lapathifolium L.: Polygonaceae; Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth.: Pontederiaceae) growing in a neotropical reservoir (Brazil), under laboratory and field conditions, in order to assess hypotheses on the main differences in factors affecting organic matter cycling, including the effect of temperature. METHODS: Plant and water samples were collected from the reservoir in August 2009. In field incubation mass loss was assessed using a litter bag technique and in the laboratory the decay was followed using a decomposition chamber maintained under controlled conditions (i.e. in the dark, at 15 ºC and 25 ºC). A kinetic model was adopted to explain and compare the organic matter decay, ANOVA (Repeated Measures) testing was used to describe the differences between the treatments and a linear correlation was used to compare in situ and in vitro experiments. RESULTS: The mass decay was faster in natural conditions with rapid release of the labile-soluble portion. The simulated values of mineralization rates of dissolved organic matter and refractory organic matter were rapid in high temperatures (25 ºC). The high Q10 results (mainly for E. azurea), and experimental conditions, and outcomes of ANOVA testing indicate the temperature variation (10 ºC) influence the rates of mass decay. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested rapid organic matter cycling in warm months (from October to December) supporting the microbial loop. Although the particulate organic matter losses are high in field conditions the results are of the same magnitude in both conditions suggesting an equivalence of the mass decay kinetic.

Adsorption, dissipation, and movement of fluometuron in three southeastern United States soils

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Willian ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller ◽  
Robert M. Hayes ◽  
Charles E. Snipes ◽  
David C. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

Fluometuron adsorption and dissipation under field and laboratory conditions, and distribution within the soil profile was determined in 3 soils from Tennessee, Mississippi, and Georgia that are representative of the cotton-growing regions of the southeastern United States. Fluometuron adsorption was correlated with organic matter, but not with clay content or soil pH. First-order kinetics explained fluometuron dissipation under field and controlled conditions (r2≥ 0.82). Field dissipation of fluometuron was slower under dry conditions. Fluometuron was not detected below 15 cm in the soil profile in any soil, and concentrations in the 8- to 15-cm soil zone were < 15 ppbw 112 d after treatment. Fluometuron dissipation was more rapid in soil from the 0- to 8-cm depth in Tennessee soil than in Mississippi soil under controlled conditions. Dissipation was more rapid under field conditions than under laboratory conditions at 2 of 3 locations. Fluometuron half-lives in soils from the 0- to 8-cm depth ranged from 9 to 28 d under field conditions and from 11 to 43 d in the laboratory. Fluometuron dissipation in soils from 30- to 45- and 60- to 90-cm depths was not different among soils, with half-lives ranging from 58 to 99 d under laboratory conditions. Fluometuron half-life was positively correlated with soil depth and inversely correlated with organic matter. These data indicate that organic matter, soil depth, and environmental conditions affect fluometuron dissipation.

Assessment of the crop coefficient for saltgrass under native riparian field conditions in the desert southwest

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (25) ◽  
pp. 6163-6171 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Salim Bawazir ◽  
Richard Luthy ◽  
J. Phillip King ◽  
Brent F. Tanzy ◽  
Juan Solis
Keyword(s):  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Desert Southwest

Soil as a factor in the incidence of Peronospora tabacina Adam on tobacco

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 650 ◽  
Author(s):  
AV Hill
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Peronospora Tabacina ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Juvenile Phase ◽  
Pasture Land ◽  
Leaf Maturity ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Source Of Infection

(1) Plants of a flue-cured variety of tobacco (cv. Virginia Gold) were grown on several soils and subjected to attack by P. tabacina. (2) Leaves of plants grown in soils high in organic matter were large, soft, and succulent and retained the juvenile phase of susceptibility to attack by P. tabacina. Leaves with similar characteristics were not produced following addition of nitrogen to soils low in organic matter. (3) Severity of disease increased during the period of delayed leaf maturity caused by addition to the soil of nitrogen in excess of that required by flue-cured tobacco plants. (4) Soils high in organic matter or in added nitrogen are unsuitable for the growth of flue-cured tobacco, and plants grown in the former are more susceptible to P. tabacina than those grown on the latter. Under field conditions tobacco plants grown on pasture land or on other soils that arc also high in organic matter arc very susceptible to P. tabacina and can be the source of infection for crops grown in a wide area.

Certain acid soils and growth of sugar beet

1928 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 704-712
Author(s):  
George Newlands
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
North East

1. Variations in growth of sugar beet on certain soils from north-east Scotland were investigated by examination of the soils with regard to field conditions, mechanical composition, pH value, lime requirement, readily extractable calcium and humified organic matter.2. Field conditions and mechanical composition did not account for the variations in growth of the beet.3. A certain degree of correlation was found between pH value, readily extractable calcium and growth of beet. In general when the pH was below 5·3 and extractable calcium below 0·12 per cent., growth was poor or failed. Above these figures it was good, but only relatively so, since all the soils were below 6·2 in pH value.

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