Overview of Lattices of Convex Normal Functions

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Harding ◽  
Carol Walker ◽  
Elbert Walker
Keyword(s):  
Normal Functions

FR-IR Molecular Microanalysis System

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
John A. Reffner ◽  
William T. Wihlborg
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Ir Microscopy ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Infrared Microspectroscopy ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
Ft Ir

The IRμs™ is the first fully integrated system for Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) microscopy. FT-IR microscopy combines light microscopy for morphological examination with infrared spectroscopy for chemical identification of microscopic samples or domains. Because the IRμs system is a new tool for molecular microanalysis, its optical, mechanical and system design are described to illustrate the state of development of molecular microanalysis. Applications of infrared microspectroscopy are reviewed by Messerschmidt and Harthcock.Infrared spectral analysis of microscopic samples is not a new idea, it dates back to 1949, with the first commercial instrument being offered by Perkin-Elmer Co. Inc. in 1953. These early efforts showed promise but failed the test of practically. It was not until the advances in computer science were applied did infrared microspectroscopy emerge as a useful technique. Microscopes designed as accessories for Fourier transform infrared spectrometers have been commercially available since 1983. These accessory microscopes provide the best means for analytical spectroscopists to analyze microscopic samples, while not interfering with the FT-IR spectrometer’s normal functions.

Evaluation of positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy C. Andreasen ◽  
William M. Grove
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
University Of Iowa ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Subsequent Investigation ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive And Negative Symptoms

SummaryMost investigators concur that schizophrenia is probably a heterogeneous group of disorders that share the common features of psychotic symptoms, partial response to neuroleptics, and a relatively poor outcome. The subdivision of schizophrenia into two subtypes, positive versus negative, has achieved wide acceptance throughout the world during recent years. This distinction has heuristic and theoretical appeal because it unites phenomenology, pathophysiology, and etiology into a single comprehensive hypothesis.In spite of its wide appeal, the distinction has a number of problems. These include the failure to distinguish between symptom syndromes and diseases; failure to deal with the mixed patient; failure to take longitudinal course into account; and failure to address conceptually and methodologically the distinction between positive and negative symptoms.This paper focuses primarily on the conceptual basis for two instruments designed to measure positive and negative symptoms, the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), originally described in 1982. Since their description, these scales have been used in a variety of other centers. These scales are based on the hypothesis that negative symptoms represent a deficit or diminution in normal psychological functions wliile positive symptoms represent an excess or distortion of normal functions. Reliability data are now available from Italy, Spain, and Japan which suggest that these scales can be used reliably in cultural settings outside the United States. The results of these studies are summarized in this paper. In addition, a replication study involving a new sample of 117 schizophrenics collected at the University of Iowa is described. In this second study of the SANS and SAPS, internal consistency is found to be quite high in the SANS. Thus negative symptoms appear to be more internally correlated with one another than are positive symptoms. The implications of this result are discussed. A principal components analysis is used to explore the relationship between positive and negative symptoms. While the study reported in 1982 suggested that positive and negative symptoms are negatively correlated, in the present study they appear to be uncorrelated. Overall, the results suggest that the SANS and SAPS are useful comprehensive instruments for the evaluation of positive and negative symptoms. The relationship between these symptoms and external validators such as cognitive functioning or CT scan abnormalities will be reported in a subsequent investigation.

Normal Functions and Their Applications

2017 ◽  
pp. 255-271
Author(s):  
James Carlson ◽  
Stefan Muller-Stach ◽  
Chris Peters
Keyword(s):  
Normal Functions

The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): Rationale and Standardisation

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 (S7) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley R. Kay ◽  
Lewis A. Opler ◽  
Jean-Pierre Lindenmayer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Status ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Negative Syndrome

Over 75 years ago, Bleuler (1911) confronted psychiatry with the question of ‘schizophrenia’ or ‘schizophrenias'. Today we recognise the heterogeneity of the condition, but we are still groping at efforts to clarify the different subtypes or subprocesses. Over the decades there have been various attempts to subclassify schizophrenia and tease apart the syndromes, none of which has been entirely successful. More recently, as a result of the work by Crow (1980) in England and Strausset al(1974) in the USA, it has been proposed that two distinct syndromes can be discerned from the phenomenological profiles. The positive syndrome consists of productive features superadded to the mental status, such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganised thinking. The negative syndrome represents absence of normal functions, such as deficits in the cognitive, affective, and social realms.

scholarly journals Normal functions and the height of Gross-Schoen cycles

2014 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 53-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin De Jong
Keyword(s):  
Line Bundle ◽  
Moduli Space ◽  
The Self ◽  
Compact Type ◽  
Stable Curves ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Chern Form ◽  
Bloch Line ◽  
Pointed Curve ◽  
Dualizing Sheaf

AbstractWe prove a variant of a formula due to Zhang relating the Beilinson– Bloch height of the Gross–Schoen cycle on a pointed curve with the self-intersection of its relative dualizing sheaf. In our approach, the height of the Gross–Schoen cycle occurs as the degree of a suitable Bloch line bundle. We show that the Chern form of this line bundle is nonnegative, and we calculate its class in the Picard group of the moduli space of pointed stable curves of compact type. The basic tools are normal functions and biextensions associated to the cohomology of the universal Jacobian.

scholarly journals Plasmolipin and Its Role in Cell Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 773-785
Author(s):  
A. A. Shulgin ◽  
T. D. Lebedev ◽  
V. S. Prassolov ◽  
P. V. Spirin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Virus Entry ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Normal Functions ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Main Component

Abstract The mechanisms involved in the origin and development of malignant and neurodegenerative diseases are an important area of modern biomedicine. A crucial task is to identify new molecular markers that are associated with rearrangements of intracellular signaling and can be used for prognosis and the development of effective treatment approaches. The proteolipid plasmolipin (PLLP) is a possible marker. PLLP is a main component of the myelin sheath and plays an important role in the development and normal function of the nervous system. PLLP is involved in intracellular transport, lipid raft formation, and Notch signaling. PLLP is presumably involved in various disorders, such as cancer, schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLLP and its homologs were identified as possible virus entry receptors. The review summarizes the data on the PLLP structure, normal functions, and role in diseases.

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