scholarly journals Cervical polyps in early pregnancy are a risk factor for late abortion and spontaneous preterm birth: A retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Hirayama ◽  
Yasuhiko Ebina ◽  
Kei Kato ◽  
Kinuko Akabane‐Nakagawa ◽  
Kazuhiko Okuyama
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽  
Late Abortion

Incidence and risk factors for recurrent spontaneous preterm birth: A retrospective cohort study in Japan

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1708-1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko Yamashita ◽  
Shusaku Hayashi ◽  
Masayuki Endo ◽  
Kentaro Okuno ◽  
On Fukui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Birth

The Effect of Interpregnancy Interval on the Recurrence Rate of Spontaneous Preterm Birth: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 174-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esme Kamphuis ◽  
Michel Hof ◽  
Sarah Robertson ◽  
Eva Pajkrt ◽  
Christianne de Groot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Interpregnancy Interval ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Birth

Nonunion Rates in Hind- and Midfoot Arthrodesis in Current, Ex-, and Nonsmokers

2020 ◽  
pp. 107110072097126
Author(s):  
Jack Allport ◽  
Jayasree Ramaskandhan ◽  
Malik S. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factor ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Nonunion rates in hind or midfoot arthrodesis have been reported as high as 41%. The most notable and readily modifiable risk factor that has been identified is smoking. In 2018, 14.4% of the UK population were active smokers. We examined the effect of smoking status on union rates for a large cohort of patients undergoing hind- or midfoot arthrodesis. Methods: In total, 381 consecutive primary joint arthrodeses were identified from a single surgeon’s logbook (analysis performed on a per joint basis, with a triple fusion reported as 3 separate joints). Patients were divided based on self-reported smoking status. Primary outcome was clinical union. Delayed union, infection, and the need for ultrasound bone stimulation were secondary outcomes. Results: Smoking prevalence was 14.0%, and 32.2% were ex-smokers. Groups were comparable for sex, diabetes, and body mass index. Smokers were younger and had fewer comorbidities. Nonunion rates were higher in smokers (relative risk, 5.81; 95% CI, 2.54-13.29; P < .001) with no statistically significant difference between ex-smokers and nonsmokers. Smokers had higher rates of infection ( P = .05) and bone stimulator use ( P < .001). Among smokers, there was a trend toward slower union with heavier smoking ( P = .004). Conclusion: This large retrospective cohort study confirmed previous evidence that smoking has a considerable negative effect on union in arthrodesis. The 5.81 relative risk in a modifiable risk factor is extremely high. Arthrodesis surgery should be undertaken with extreme caution in smokers. Our study shows that after cessation of smoking, the risk returns to normal, but we were unable to quantify the time frame. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.

scholarly journals Morbidity in Late Preterm Birth: A Retrospective Cohort Study Assessing the Role of Immaturity versus Antecedent Factors

Neonatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Melissa Lorenzo ◽  
Megan Laupacis ◽  
Wilma M. Hopman ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmad ◽  
Faiza Khurshid
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Multiple Gestation ◽  
Late Preterm Birth ◽  
Apnea Of Prematurity

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Late preterm infants (LPIs) are infants born between 34<sup>0/7</sup> and 36<sup>6/7</sup> weeks gestation. Morbidities in these infants are commonly considered a result of prematurity; however, some research has suggested immaturity may not be the sole cause of morbidities. We hypothesize that antecedents leading to late preterm birth are associated with different patterns of morbidities and that morbidities are the result of gestational age superimposed by the underlying etiologies of preterm delivery. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This is a retrospective cohort study of late preterm neonates born at a single tertiary care center. We examined neonatal morbidities including apnea of prematurity, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoglycemia, and the requirement for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the risk of each morbidity associated with 3 categorized antecedents of delivery, that is, spontaneous preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), and medically indicated birth. We calculated the predictive probability of each antecedent resulting in individual morbidity across gestational ages. <b><i>Results:</i></b> 279 LPIs were included in the study. Decreasing gestational age was associated with significantly increased risk of apnea of prematurity, hyperbilirubinemia, and requirement of CPAP. In our cohort, the risk of hypoglycemia increased with gestational age, with the greatest incidence at 36<sup>0−6</sup> weeks. There was no significant association of risk of selected morbidities and the antecedents of late preterm delivery, with or without adjustment for gestational age, multiple gestation, small for gestational age (SGA), antenatal steroids, and delivery method. <b><i>Discussion and Conclusion:</i></b> This study found no difference in morbidity risk related to 3 common antecedents of preterm birth in LPIs. Our research suggests that immaturity is the primary factor in determining adverse outcomes, intensified by factors resulting in prematurity.

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