Biochemical Changes in Organs of Chicks and Rats Poisoned with Ethylene Dibromide and Carbon Tetrachloride

1968 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 803-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Nachtomi ◽  
Eugenia Alumot ◽  
A. Bondi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Biochemical Changes ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide

Improved Codistillation Method for Determination of Carbon Tetrachloride, Ethylene Dichloride, and Ethylene Dibromide in Grain and Grain-Based Products

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-762
Author(s):  
Jonathan W Devries ◽  
Paul A Larson ◽  
Raymond H Bowers ◽  
Joyce A Keating ◽  
James M Broge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Ethylene Dichloride ◽  
Standard Mixture ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
Acetone Water ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
The Common ◽  
Hexane Solution

Abstract A method is described for the determination of the common fumigants carbon tetrachloride (CC14), ethylene dichloride (EDC), and ethylene dibromide (EDB) in grain and grain-based products. A properly prepared sample is mixed with water and hexane, an internal standard mixture of 1,2-dichloropropane (DCP) and 1,2-dibromopropane (DBP) is added, and the fumigants are codistilled with the hexane into an appropriate receiver. After the hexane solution is dried over sodium sulfate, the quantities of fumigants present are quantitated on a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with an electron capture detector (ECD). For the matrices investigated, the relative standard deviation of the method was 6.0,9.7, and 23.1% for CC14, EDC, and EDB, respectively. Recoveries of added fumigants were 107, 95, and 101%, respectively. Comparison with an acetone-water soak extraction method gave a correlation of 0.967 between methods for EDB with odds of a difference between methods of 35%.

Analysis of Commercially Fumigated Grains for Residues of Organic Fumigants

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 964-965
Author(s):  
Bernadette Malone McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Carbon Disulfide ◽  
Acid Reflux ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Storage Bins

Abstract Seven lots of commercially fumigated grains were sampled from storage bins and analyzed for residues of the organic fumigants. Residues were isolated by the acid reflux procedure and determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Residue levels ranged from 0.84 to 2.16 ppm carbon disulfide, 2.92 to 20.4 ppm carbon tetrachloride, and <0.01 to 6.10 ppm ethylene dibromide. In general, residue levels found on grains fumigated at different times indicated the tendency for the volatile fumigants to dissipate with time. The lower volatility of ethylene dibromide results in disproportionately high residues compared to carbon disulfide and carbon tetrachloride, which were applied at higher rates.

Modification of the AOAC Method for Determination of Fumigants in Wheat

1980 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-545
Author(s):  
Marion Clower Jr
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Ethylene Dichloride ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
High Recovery ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
Aoac Method ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Lower Limits

Abstract The official first action AOAC method for determination of residues of fumigants in grains has been modified for use by 6 laboratories in an FDA pesticide surveillance program. A 15% OV-I7 gas-liquid chromatographic column, installed in a chromatograph equipped with a constant current 63Ni electron capture detector, provides for improved resolution, multiresidue capability, and lower limits of detection. A study was made of the behavior of chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene dichloride, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, and ethylene dibromide through the method. Recoveries from fortified wheat samples averaged 105-115%. Experimental evidence is presented which suggests that part of the consistent trend toward high recovery can be attributed to selective sorption of acetone by the CaCI2 used in the final drying step.

Simultaneous Analysis of Grain and Grain-Based Products for Ethylene Dibromide, Carbon Tetrachloride, and Ethylene Dichloride

1986 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-580
Author(s):  
Thomas G Alleman ◽  
Robert A Sanders ◽  
Bryan L Madison
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Capillary Gas Chromatography ◽  
Ethylene Dichloride ◽  
Selected Ion Monitoring ◽  
Internal Standards ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
Precision And Accuracy

Abstract A method is described for the simultaneous measurement of parts per billion levels of the fumigants ethylene dibromide, carbon tetrachloride, and ethylene dichloride in grain and grain-based products. The fumigants are isolated by hexane co-distillation, separated by capillary gas chromatography, and detected with a mass spectrometer in the selected ion monitoring mode. Recoveries are greater than 90% and standard deviations are approximately 10% of the quantity measured. The method is free of interferences and its precision and accuracy are enhanced by the use of tetradeuterated ethylene dibromide and ethylene dichloride as internal standards.

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