Chronic oral anticoagluation and risk of prostate cancer: Evidence of detection bias

2020 ◽  
Vol 146 (11) ◽  
pp. 3022-3025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Detection Bias

scholarly journals Larger men have larger prostates: Detection bias in epidemiologic studies of obesity and prostate cancer risk

The Prostate ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 949-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rundle ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Sudha Sadasivan ◽  
Dhananjay A. Chitale ◽  
Nilesh S. Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Detection Bias

scholarly journals A Latent Disease Model to Reduce Detection Bias in Cancer Risk Prediction Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Aleshin-Guendel ◽  
Jane Lange ◽  
Phyllis Goodman ◽  
Noel S. Weiss ◽  
Ruth Etzioni
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Detection Bias ◽  
Black Race ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Latent Disease

In studies of cancer risk, detection bias arises when risk factors are associated with screening patterns, affecting the likelihood and timing of diagnosis. To eliminate detection bias in a screened cohort, we propose modeling the latent onset of cancer and estimating the association between risk factors and onset rather than diagnosis. We apply this framework to estimate the increase in prostate cancer risk associated with black race and family history using data from the SELECT prostate cancer prevention trial, in which men were screened and biopsied according to community practices. A positive family history was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of prostate cancer onset of 1.8, lower than the corresponding HR of prostate cancer diagnosis (HR = 2.2). This result comports with a finding that men in SELECT with a family history were more likely to be biopsied following a positive PSA test than men with no family history. For black race, the HRs for onset and diagnosis were similar, consistent with similar patterns of screening and biopsy by race. If individual screening and diagnosis histories are available, latent disease modeling can be used to decouple risk of disease from risk of disease diagnosis and reduce detection bias.

scholarly journals International meta-analysis of 684,660 men with vasectomies: a study utilising the International Population Data Linkage Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Randall ◽  
James Boyd ◽  
Emma Fuller ◽  
Caroline Brooks ◽  
Carole Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Data Linkage ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Detection Bias ◽  
Vasectomy Reversal

IntroductionEvidence on the effect of vasectomy and vasectomy reversal on risk of prostate cancer is conflicting, with the issue of detection bias a key criticism. In this study we examined the effect of vasectomy reversal on prostate cancer risk in a cohort of vasectomised men. Objectives and ApproachA proof of concept study involving the International Population Data Linkage Network which pooled aggregated result data from participating centres in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. De-identified linked data extractions took place at each centre. Each participating centre locally conducted Cox proportional hazards regression analysis compared the risk of prostate cancer in those with/without vasectomy reversal in a cohort of vasectomised men. These results were then combined in a meta-analysis. Evidence of a protective effect of vasectomy reversal would suggest the harmful effect of vasectomy on prostate cancer risk, while nullifying detection bias. ResultsData were received from Australia (the states of Western Australia and New South Wales), Canada (the province of Ontario), Wales and Scotland. In total, there were 9,754 men with vasectomy reversals, and 684,660 men with a vasectomy. The combined analysis showed no protective effect of vasectomy reversal on incidence of prostate cancer when compared to those who had vasectomy alone (HR, 95%CI: 0.92, 0.70-1.21). As such, the results align with previous studies which found little or no evidence of a link between vasectomy and prostate cancer. Conclusion/ImplicationsThe study, originally conceived at the first IPDLN meeting in London, found no obvious protective effect of vasectomy reversal on prostate cancer in vasectomised men. The project demonstrated the utility and feasibility of collaborative studies fostered through the IPDLN, despite methodological challenges faced when aggregating international data.

scholarly journals Shared Inherited Genetics of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Glaser ◽  
Zhuqing Shi ◽  
Jun Wei ◽  
Nadia A. Lanman ◽  
Skylar Ladson-Gary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Large Population ◽  
White Men ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Detection Bias ◽  
Disease Etiology

AbstractBackgroundThe association between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) remains controversial, largely due to inherent detection bias in traditional observational studies. The objective of this study is to assess their association using inherited SNPs.MethodsSubjects were White men from the large population-based UK Biobank (UKB). Association between BPH and PCa was tested: 1) phenotypical correlation using chi-square test, 2) genetic correlation (rg) based on 1,126,841 polymorphic SNPs across the genome using linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSR), and 3) cross-disease genetic associations based on known risk-associated SNPs (15 for BPH and 239 for PCa), individually and cumulatively as measured by genetic risk score (GRS).FindingsAmong 214,717 White men in the UKB, 24,623 (11.47%) and 14,311 (6.67%) had a diagnosis of BPH and PCa, respectively. Diagnoses of these two diseases were significantly correlated, χ2=1862.80, P<1E-299. A significant genetic correlation was found, rg (95% confidence interval (CI))=0.27 (0.15-0.39), P=9.17E-06. In addition, significant cross-disease genetic associations for established risk-associated SNPs were also found. Among the 250 established GWAS-significant SNPs of PCa or BPH, 51 were significantly associated with risk of the other disease at P<0.05, significantly more than expected by chance (N=12), P=3.04E-7 (χ2-test). Furthermore, significant cross-disease GRS associations were also found; GRSBPH was significantly associated with PCa risk (odds ratio (OR)=1.26 (1.18-1.36), P=1.62E-10), and GRSPCa was significantly associated with BPH risk (OR=1.03 (1.02-1.04), P=8.57E-06). Moreover, GRSBPH was significantly and inversely associated with lethal PCa risk in a PCa case-case analysis (OR=0.58 (0.41-0.81), P=1.57E-03). In contrast, GRSPCa was not significantly associated with lethal PCa (OR=0.99 (0.94-1.04), P=0.79).InterpretationBPH and PCa share common inherited genetics which suggests the phenotypical association of these two diseases in observational studies is not entirely caused by detection bias. This novel finding may have implications in disease etiology and risk stratification.FundingNone.

scholarly journals Cancer Incidence and Mortality in the U.S. Astronaut Corps, 1959-2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Reynolds ◽  
Mark P Little ◽  
Steven M Day ◽  
Jacqueline Charvat ◽  
Steve Blattnig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Detection Bias ◽  
Case Fatality Ratio ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Us

Abstract Background: Cancer incidence and mortality are important outcomes in the surveillance of long-term astronaut health. In this research, we compare cancer incidence rates, cancer-specific mortality rates, and cancer case fatality ratios in US astronauts with those in the US general population.Methods: We use standardized incidence ratios and standardized mortality ratios to index the incidence and mortality of various cancers against rates in the US general population, from the US astronaut cohort inception in April 1959 through 31 December 2017. We also compare the lethality of these cancers in astronauts and the general population using the relative case fatality ratio.Results: The astronaut cohort included 338 individuals and over 9600 person-years of follow-up time. The counts of most cancers were under 3, though there were 11 cases of melanoma and 30 cases of prostate cancer. Both prostate and melanoma had statistically significant increases in incidence, though only melanoma had a significant increase in mortality. Lung cancer had a statistically significant deficit of both cases and deaths, while colon cancer had sizable (but not statistically significant) reductions in incidence and mortality. Three cancers showed evidence of detection bias (colon, hematologic, prostate), possibly a result of astronaut health screening protocols. For all cancers combined, astronauts showed a non-significant reduction in incidence and mortality, and a significant reduction in case fatality ratio.Conclusions: Though there were observed increases in both incidence and mortality from melanoma among astronauts, these increases are consistent with those observed repeatedly among aircraft pilots, suggesting this may be associated with ultraviolet radiation or lifestyle factors rather than any astronaut-specific exposure. The increase in prostate cancer incidence is likely explained by detection bias, and the same may be true for hematologic cancers. The lack of statistical significance in the reduction of incidence and mortality for colon cancer may be attributable to relaxed screening practices for astronauts in recent years. As astronaut health surveillance continues and evolves, the growing database will lead to a clearer picture over time. The methods employed here provide a useful structure for ongoing analysis of this unique occupational cohort.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Associations between Clinical Prostatitis and Prostate Cancer: New Estimates Accounting for Detection Bias

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1594-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin E. Langston ◽  
Mara Horn ◽  
Saira Khan ◽  
Ratna Pakpahan ◽  
Michelle Doering ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Detection Bias

Sigmoidoscopic findings following radiation for prostate cancer

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A284-A284
Author(s):  
T BOLIN ◽  
A KNEEBONE ◽  
T LARSSON
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer
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