scholarly journals Increased incidence of aflatoxin B1-induced liver tumors in hepatitis virus C transgenic mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 1347-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Jeannot ◽  
Gary A. Boorman ◽  
Oksana Kosyk ◽  
Blair U. Bradford ◽  
Svitlana Shymoniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Virus C

scholarly journals Profile of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Republic of Moldova: first-hand information on the presentation, distribution and etiologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Adela Turcanu ◽  
Ecaterina Pitel ◽  
Vlada-Tatiana Dumbrava ◽  
Eugen Tcaciuc ◽  
Ana Donscaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Virus Surface ◽  
Primary Liver Tumors ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Tertiary Healthcare ◽  
Serum Alpha Fetoprotein ◽  
The Republic

Abstract Introduction. Moldova is the European country with the highest incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in both sexes. There is, however, no data comprehensively describing the presentation and the risk factors of HCC in the country. We decided to analyze cases of HCC recently received in a tertiary healthcare Institution from Chisinau, the Moldovian capital. Methods. A series of 148 primary liver tumors including 139 cases of HCC were retrospectively analyzed for demographic features, serological and biochemical data, and clinical presentation. Results. The mean age of patients was 59 ± 10 years (range: 19-66) with a M:F sex ratio of 1.9. Tumors appeared on full-blown liver cirrhosis in 83% of cases and were composed of multiple nodules at diagnosis in 36% of patients. Serum Alpha-fetoprotein was exceeding 10ng/mL in 76% of cases. Liver tumor and hepatitis were co-discovered in 34% of cases. More than 81% of hepatocellular carcinomas were associated with at least one hepatitis virus. Carriers of anti-hepatitis C virus were predominating (55% of cases) over patients seropositive for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (36%). Half of the latter were also infected with hepatitis Delta virus. In total, dual or triple infections were present in 24% and 7% of cases. Conclusions. The burden of infections with hepatitis viruses is particularly important in Moldova and corresponds to a situation commonly observed in countries of the Southern hemisphere. A pro-active policy of screening for persistent liver infection targeting population at risk of HCC (> 50 years) and coupled with the distribution of antivirals in positive cases should be rapidly implemented in Moldova to reduce incidence or primary liver cancer.

scholarly journals Virus-Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Expressed in Milk of Transgenic Mice Provides Full Protection against Virus-Induced Encephalitis

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 2803-2809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas F. Kolb ◽  
Lecia Pewe ◽  
John Webster ◽  
Stanley Perlman ◽  
C. Bruce A. Whitelaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Recombinant Antibody ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Murine Hepatitis Virus

ABSTRACT Neutralizing antibodies represent a major host defense mechanism against viral infections. In mammals, passive immunity is provided by neutralizing antibodies passed to the offspring via the placenta or the milk as immunoglobulin G and secreted immunoglobulin A. With the long-term goal of producing virus-resistant livestock, we have generated mice carrying transgenes that encode the light and heavy chains of an antibody that is able to neutralize the neurotropic JHM strain of murine hepatitis virus (MHV-JHM). MHV-JHM causes acute encephalitis and acute and chronic demyelination in susceptible strains of mice and rats. Transgene expression was targeted to the lactating mammary gland by using the ovine β-lactoglobulin promoter. Milk from these transgenic mice contained up to 0.7 mg of recombinant antibody/ml. In vitro analysis of milk derived from different transgenic lines revealed a linear correlation between antibody expression and virus-neutralizing activity, indicating that the recombinant antibody is the major determinant of MHV-JHM neutralization in murine milk. Offspring of transgenic and control mice were challenged with a lethal dose of MHV-JHM. Litters suckling nontransgenic dams succumbed to fatal encephalitis, whereas litters suckling transgenic dams were fully protected against challenge, irrespective of whether they were transgenic. This demonstrates that a single neutralizing antibody expressed in the milk of transgenic mice is sufficient to completely protect suckling offspring against MHV-JHM-induced encephalitis.

scholarly journals Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Patterns of Substance Use Disorder in Oman

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. e296-303
Author(s):  
Mahmood Z. Al Abri ◽  
Mohamed A.H. Farag ◽  
Asaad S. Al Mosawi ◽  
Salah T. Al Awaidy
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Opioid Substitution Therapy ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Sociodemographic Determinants ◽  
Virus C

Objectives: Substance use disorder is a global challenge. Therefore, this study aimed to provide an updated view of socio-demographic characteristics and patterns of substance use in Oman. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted between 2004 and 2018. Data were retrieved from Oman’s National Drug Addict Registry. The data collected included the socio-demographic characteristics of registered cases, the proportion of various psychoactive substances’ consumption and their routes of administration, the associated sociodemographic determinants as well as comorbid conditions. Results: A total of 6,453 cases were registered during the study’s timeframe. The majority of which were Omani (97.9%), male (98.7%), single (57.9%), unemployed (50.2%), had an education level below university (81.0%) and were adolescents and young adults (77.0%). Opiates were the most common substance used (66.6%) and more than half of the sample were polydrug users (51.0%). Injecting-drug users constituted 53.4% of the total registered cases. The proportion of people with hepatitis virus C, hepatits virus B and HIV among the registered cases were 46.9%, 5.1% and 3.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The findings are in favour of rapidly escalating the introduction of a substance use preventive programme at all school levels as well as making opioid substitution therapy and other harm reduction programmes available in Oman. Keywords: Substance Use Disorders; Intravenous Drug Abuse; Opioid-Related Disorders; Comorbidity; Oman.

scholarly journals Growth hormone upregulates the pro-tumorigenic galectin 1 in mouse liver

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1108-1117 ◽  
Author(s):  
María L Bacigalupo ◽  
Verónica G Piazza ◽  
Nadia S Cicconi ◽  
Pablo Carabias ◽  
Andrzej Bartke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Hepatic Cancer ◽  
Liver Pathology ◽  
Liver Carcinogenesis ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Hcc Cells

Transgenic mice overexpressing growth hormone (GH) spontaneously develop liver tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), within a year. The preneoplastic liver pathology in these mice recapitulates that observed in humans at high risk of developing hepatic cancer. Although increased expression of galectin 1 (GAL1) in liver tissue is associated with HCC aggressiveness, a link between this glycan-binding protein and hormone-related tumor development has not yet been explored. In this study, we investigated GAL1 expression during liver tumor progression in mice continuously exposed to high levels of GH. GAL1 expression was determined by Western blotting, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry in the liver of transgenic mice overexpressing GH. Animals of representative ages at different stages of liver pathology were studied. GAL1 expression was upregulated in the liver of GH-transgenic mice. This effect was observed at early ages, when animals displayed no signs of liver disease or minimal histopathological alterations and was also detected in young adults with preneoplastic liver pathology. Remarkably, GAL1 upregulation was sustained during aging and its expression was particularly enhanced in liver tumors. GH also induced hepatic GAL1 expression in mice that were treated with this hormone for a short period. Moreover, GH triggered a rapid increment in GAL1 protein expression in human HCC cells, denoting a direct effect of the hormone on hepatocytes. Therefore, our results indicate that GH upregulates GAL1 expression in mouse liver, which may have critical implications in tumorigenesis. These findings suggest that this lectin could be implicated in hormone-driven liver carcinogenesis.

Analysis ofras gene mutations in rainbow trout liver tumors initiated by aflatoxin B1

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Jin Chang ◽  
Catherine Mathews ◽  
Kathy Mangold ◽  
Koenraad Marien ◽  
Jerry Hendricks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Rainbow Trout Liver

Fumonisin B1 Promotes Aflatoxin B1 and N-Methyl-N′-nitro-nitrosoguanidine-Initiated Liver Tumors in Rainbow Trout

2001 ◽  
Vol 172 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B Carlson ◽  
David E Williams ◽  
Jan M Spitsbergen ◽  
P.Frank Ross ◽  
Charles W Bacon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Fumonisin B1
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