The role of child temperament on low-income preschool children's relationships with their parents and teachers

Previous research finds that children experience a range of school readiness challenges (e.g., Chartier, Walker, & Naimark, 2010; Zill, 1999). Such challenges vary by children’s gender, temperament, and participation in school-based interventions (e.g., Mullola et al., 2011; Bramlett, Scott, Rowell, 2000). However, the examination of child temperament, gender, and children’s participation in school-based, temperament programming has been minimal. This study explores the role of child temperament profiles and child gender on children’s standardized academic outcomes following participation in a school-based, temperament intervention. Study participants included 324 kindergarten students attending urban, low-income schools. A multivariate regression analysis explored associations among child temperament profile, gender, and academic performance. Cautious and male kindergarten intervention participants attained higher standardized mathematics and literacy scores than their non-intervention participating counterparts.

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The Fight to Save Welfare for Low-Income Older Asian Immigrants: The Role of National Asian American Organizations

10.36650/nexus1.1_85-101_yoo ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 85-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Grace Yoo

Keyword(s):

Welfare Reform ◽

Asian American ◽

Low Income ◽

Bill Clinton ◽

Asian Immigrants ◽

Central Question ◽

Political Debate ◽

Welfare Reform Law ◽

Selection Of

The welfare reform law of August 1996 signed by President Bill Clinton put an end to immigrants’ eligibility of federal means tested entitlements. The rollbacks on welfare are the most drastic for older, low-income Asian immigrants who are on Supplemental Security Income. The article’s focus is in on national Asian American organizations who are involved in this political debate. The central question discuss is how did national Asian American organizations characterize and affect the 1996 federal welfare reform and immigrant debate. The selection of organizations that was studied and the findings of that investigation, along with the assessment of its effectiveness and the resources barriers they face are discussed.

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Mosquito Vector Production across Socio-Economic Divides in Baton Rouge, Louisiana

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041420 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1420

Author(s):

Rebeca de Jesús Crespo ◽

Madison Harrison ◽

Rachel Rogers ◽

Randy Vaeth

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Baton Rouge ◽

Habitat Preferences ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Mosquito Larvae ◽

Mosquito Vector ◽

Mosquito Vectors ◽

Low Income Groups ◽

Socio Economic Factors

We investigated the role of socio-economic factors in the proliferation of mosquito vectors in two adjacent but socio-economically contrasting neighborhoods in Baton Rouge, LA, USA. We surveyed mosquito larvae habitat, mosquito larvae, and adult mosquitoes during the summer of 2020. We also evaluated the number of requests for mosquito abatement services in the years preceding the study for each area. While we did not find differences in terms of the most abundant species, Culex quinquefasicatus (F1,30 = 0.329, p = 0.57), we did find a higher abundance of mosquito habitats, particularly discarded tires, as well as larvae (z = 13.83, p < 0.001) and adults (F1,30 = 4.207, p = 0.049) of the species Aedes albopictus in the low-income neighborhood. In contrast, mosquito abatement requests were significantly higher in the high socio-economic neighborhood (z = −8.561, p < 0.001). This study shows how factors such as adjudicated properties, discarded tires and pest abatement requests can influence the abundance of mosquito vectors, disproportionately affecting low-income groups. This study also highlights how Aedes spp. may be better indicators than Culex spp. of socio-economic differences between nearby neighborhoods, due to their short flight range and habitat preferences, and this should be considered in future studies attempting to detect such disparities in the future.

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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Brazilian Community Restaurants for the Dimension of Low-Income People Access to Food

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082671 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2671

Author(s):

Mateus Santana Sousa ◽

Camila Silveira Silva Teixeira ◽

Jamacy Costa Souza ◽

Priscila Ribas de Farias Costa ◽

Renata Puppin Zandonadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Formal Education ◽

Average Energy ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Target Population ◽

Service Capacity ◽

The Public ◽

The Government ◽

Access To Food

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of community restaurants (CRs), managed by the Government of the State of Bahia/Brazil, for the dimension of access to food. The study used secondary data obtained from the public opinion survey Profile of users of community restaurants in Salvador. The nutritional information was accessed through the analysis of CRs’ menus. Adequate effectiveness of access to food was considered when the CR served meals to 50% to 70% of the users considered the target audience (individuals served by the two CRs located in the city of Salvador/Bahia/Brazil). The participants (n = 1464; 778 as low-income individuals) were adult CR users from Salvador/Brazil. Most of the respondents were male, 40 to 54 years old, not white, had up to 9 years of formal education, without a partner, and living in the municipality of Salvador. The evaluated CRs are effective in serving 53.1% of the target population in their total service capacity. Meal provision only reached an estimated 0.7% of the socially vulnerable community in the district. The average energy value of the meal served by the CR units was 853.05 kcal/meal, with a mean energy density composition classified as average (1.15 kcal/g). The effectiveness of the evaluated community restaurants showed that these instruments were minimally effective in promoting access to food for the low-income population within their total daily service capacity, and the current quantity of these facilities was insufficient. However, these instruments stand out in the fundamental role of promoting the daily distribution of meals to the Brazilian population with the highest social vulnerability levels.

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Role of Dental Nutrition Knowledge and Socioecological Factors in Dental Caries in Low-Income Women

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/10901981211004149 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109019812110041

Author(s):

Prageet K. Sachdev ◽

Jeanne Freeland-Graves ◽

Nalini Ranjit ◽

Mahsa Babaei

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Home Environment ◽

Low Income ◽

Emotional Eating ◽

Nutrition Knowledge ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Environment Scale ◽

Scale Scores ◽

Low Income Women

Dental caries is a chronic oral condition that disproportionately affects low-income women. The aim of this research was to investigate relationships between dental nutrition knowledge, socioecological factors, and prevalence of dental caries in low-income women. This quantitative cross-sectional study involved 220 women who were recruited from Central Texas. Participants completed demographics, the Dental Nutrition Knowledge Competency Scale, United States Adult Food Security Survey Module, and the Multidimensional Home Environment Scale. Two dentists measured dental caries via the Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth Index. Regression models were conducted to test the effects of dental nutrition knowledge and Multidimensional Home Environment Scale factors on dental caries. Finally, mediation analysis explored relationships between dental nutrition knowledge and dental caries, adjusting for Multidimensional Home Environment Scale scores. Results showed that dental nutrition knowledge and Multidimensional Home Environment Scale score were significantly associated with dental caries. Subscales of self-efficacy for eating healthy, oral hygiene practices, emotional eating, availability of unhealthy foods at home, and social support were related to dental caries. The relationship between dental nutrition knowledge and caries was mediated by Multidimensional Home Environment Scale scores. This research emphasizes the role of dental nutrition knowledge and socio-ecological factors on prevalence of dental caries. Public health interventions to reduce dental caries should involve strategies that increase dental nutrition knowledge and encourage behavior change in low-income populations.

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Early onset of overweight among children from low‐income families: The role of exclusive breastfeeding and maternal intake of ultra‐processed food

Pediatric Obesity ◽

10.1111/ijpo.12825 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jayanne Mayara Magalhães Melo ◽

Bruna Larine Lemos Fontes Silva Dourado ◽

Risia Cristina Egito Menezes ◽

Giovana Longo‐Silva ◽

Jonas Augusto Cardoso Silveira

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Early Onset ◽

Processed Food ◽

Low Income Families

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Presence through absence? Understanding the role of capital in the African Human Rights Action Plan

The Journal of Modern African Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022278x20000555 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 579-600

Author(s):

Obiora Chinedu Okafor ◽

Sanaa Ahmed ◽

Sylvia Bawa ◽

Ibironke Odumosu-Ayanu

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Low Income ◽

Action Plan ◽

Significant Degree ◽

Universal Declaration ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Significant Extent ◽

Global Capital ◽

Market Practices

AbstractThis study examines the African Human Rights Action Plan (AHRAP) through the lens of Upendra Baxi's germinal theory on the emergence in our time of a ‘trade-related, market-friendly human rights’ (TREMF) thesis that is challenging the specific understandings of ‘people-centric’ human rights that are predicated in the letter and spirit of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDH). Baxi contends, instead, that the dominant strands of the contemporary understandings of human rights are – for the most part – designed to protect the interests of global capital. That said, human rights frameworks in low-income countries need to be studied with a view to what they say and don't say about global capital. Despite its attempt to facilitate a progressive realisation of human rights in Africa, the AHRAP does not rise far enough above the TREMF paradigm to re-locate itself within the UDH one. This is due to the AHRAP not adequately theorising and analysing the role of capital in the (non)realisation of human rights in Africa. By allowing trade and market practices to slip to a significant extent beyond its purview, the AHRAP privileges – to a significant degree – the needs/interests of capital over the human rights of ordinary Africans. That is, the victims of the excesses of capital in Africa are reincarnated in the AHRAP document by the fact of their exclusion from it.

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Sugar sweetened beverage consumption is positively associated with Klotho levels at two years of age in LatinX youth

BMC Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s40795-021-00423-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sofia Villagomez ◽

Dena B. Dubal ◽

Jessica Hawkins ◽

Dan Wang ◽

Janet M. Wojcicki

Keyword(s):

San Francisco ◽

Low Income ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

Positive Association ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

Klotho Protein

Abstract Background Klotho is an anti-aging protein mainly expressed in the kidneys with a smaller amount expressed in adipose tissue. Klotho effects include roles in reducing oxidative stress, insulin signaling, adipogenesis and glucose metabolism. Few studies have investigated the role of dietary factors such as sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) on serum α-klotho levels in young children. Methods Data was collected from 60 low-income Latina pregnant women and their infants in San Francisco from birth until 2 years of life and examined for associations between dietary factors and child secreted α-klotho protein levels at 2 years. Results Mean α-klotho levels were 1782.96 ± 874.56 pg/mL at 2 years of age. Any consumption of SSBs was independently associated with increased α-klotho levels (Beta = 682.79, 95%CI 67.50, 1298.09; p = 0.03). Household income ranging from $25,000 to $50,000 was also correlated to higher levels of α-klotho in children compared with lower income levels (<$25,000) (Beta = 1613.35, 95%CI 527.37, 2699.33; p = 0.005). Conclusions The positive association between SSB intake and α-klotho levels at 2 years may reflect higher phosphate levels consistent with SSB intake. Higher socioeconomic status may be a proxy for reduced stress exposure in children, also associated with higher α-klotho levels. Future studies should evaluate the early impact of exposures to SSBs, stress and accelerated aging in children.

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