scholarly journals Does HPA‐Axis Dysregulation Account for the Effects of Income on Effortful Control and Adjustment in Preschool Children?

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana J. Lengua ◽  
Maureen Zalewski ◽  
Phil Fisher ◽  
Lyndsey Moran
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Hpa Axis Dysregulation

HPA axis dysregulation and suicidal behavior in depression – Differentiation of a genetically distinct subgroup?

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pfennig ◽  
HE Kuenzel ◽  
N Kern ◽  
B Fuchs ◽  
J Brunner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Distinct Subgroup ◽  
Hpa Axis Dysregulation

Abnormalities of the HPA axis in affective disorders: clinical subtypes and potential treatments

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 193-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Porter ◽  
Peter Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Depression ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Hpa Axis Dysregulation ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Brain

Background:New evidence is emerging regarding abnormalities of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function in subtypes of affective disorders. Adverse effects of HPA axis dysregulation may include dysfunction of monoaminergic transmitter systems, cognitive impairment and peripheral effects. Newer treatments specifically targeting the HPA axis are being developed.Objective:To review these developments focusing particularly on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist mifepristone.Method:A selective review of the literature.Results:The function of GRs is increasingly being defined. The role of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in the brain is also increasingly understood. HPA axis function is particularly likely to be abnormal in psychotic depression and bipolar disorder, and it is in these conditions that trials of the GR antagonist mifepristone are being focused. CRH antagonists and DHEA are also being investigated as potential treatments.Conclusion:Initial studies of mifepristone and other HPA-axis-targeting agents in psychotic depression and bipolar disorder are encouraging and confirmatory studies are awaited.

scholarly journals HPA axis dysregulation in adult adoptees twenty years after severe institutional deprivation in childhood

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kumsta ◽  
Wolff Schlotz ◽  
Dennis Golm ◽  
Dirk Moser ◽  
Mark Kennedy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Adult Adoptees ◽  
Hpa Axis Dysregulation

scholarly journals Adult neurogenesis augmentation attenuates anhedonia and HPA axis dysregulation in a mouse model of chronic stress and depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 105097
Author(s):  
Hoda Eliwa ◽  
Bruno Brizard ◽  
Anne-Marie Le Guisquet ◽  
René Hen ◽  
Catherine Belzung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Hpa Axis Dysregulation

HPA Axis Dysregulation Associated to Apolipoprotein E4 Genotype in Alzheimer's Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 829-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Gil-Bea ◽  
Barbara Aisa ◽  
Alina Solomon ◽  
Maite Solas ◽  
Maria del Carmen Mugueta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Apolipoprotein E4 ◽  
Hpa Axis Dysregulation

Neurotrophin mediated HPA axis dysregulation in stress induced genesis of psychiatric disorders: Orchestration by epigenetic modifications

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 101688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Kumar ◽  
Pavan Kumar ◽  
Vikas Pareek ◽  
Muneeb A. Faiq ◽  
Ravi K. Narayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Hpa Axis Dysregulation

scholarly journals The Association of 5-HTTLPR XLL Genotype with Higher Cortisol Levels in African Americans

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen L. Contreras-Sesvold ◽  
Preetha Abraham ◽  
Joseph M. Devaney ◽  
Brennan T. Harmon ◽  
Patricia A. Deuster
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Functional Polymorphism ◽  
Hpa Axis Dysregulation ◽  
The Relationship

Genetic variants of the human serotonin transporter (SERT) may contribute to HPA axis dysregulation. SERT has two promoter region polymorphisms (5-HTTLPR: VNTR and SNP: rs25531), which may alter levels of SERT protein and its function. Combining these polymorphisms creates a functional polymorphism (FN) which may modulate mRNA expression. This study examines the relationship between these genetic variants and morning and evening salivary samples of both cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) concentrations in 269 African American (AA) adults. Resultant allele frequencies for the VNTR, SNP, and FN genotypes were 70% L (2% XLL), 84% A, and 54% LA (2% XLLA), respectively. The XLL genotype was associated with significantly higher concentrations of cortisol (~3X) and DHEAS (~2X) for both VNTR and FN polymorphisms. No significant differences were found for SNP genotypes. Conclusions were that persons with VNTR and FN XLL polymorphisms had significantly higher cortisol and DHEAS concentrations than other genotypes. AAs also appear to have a higher frequency of the rare XL allele than Caucasians. Whether the XLL genotype predisposes AAs to greater health challenges will require further research to determine the implications of these findings.

scholarly journals The Involvement of Hypothalamus–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) Axis in Suicide Risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Berardelli ◽  
Gianluca Serafini ◽  
Natalia Cortese ◽  
Federica Fiaschè ◽  
Rory C O’Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Hpa Axis Dysregulation ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Hpa Axis Activity

Stress and Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation play a major role in various pathophysiological processes associated with both mood disorders and suicidal behavior. We conducted a systematic review with the primary aim of clarifying the nature and extent of HPA axis activity and suicidal behavior. The second aim of this review was to investigate whether potential biomarkers related to HPA axis abnormalities act as individual susceptibility factors for suicide. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews was used. Only articles published in English peer-reviewed journals were considered for possible inclusion; we excluded case reports, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews, and studies that did not clearly report statistical analysis, diagnostic criteria, or the number of patients included. Overall, 36 articles on HPA axis and suicide risk met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Studies that investigated tests detecting biomarkers and the role of early life stressors in suicide risk were also included. We found that HPA axis activity is involved in suicide risk, regardless of the presence or absence of psychiatric conditions. The HPA axis abnormalities, mainly characterized by hyperactivity of the HPA axis, may exert an important modulatory influence on suicide risk. Impaired stress response mechanisms contribute to suicide risk. Targeting HPA axis dysregulation might represent a fruitful strategy for identifying new treatment targets and improving suicide risk prediction.

scholarly journals Association of screen time with long-term stress and temperament in preschoolers: results from the DAGIS study

2020 ◽  
Vol 179 (11) ◽  
pp. 1805-1812
Author(s):  
Marja H. Leppänen ◽  
Katri Sääksjärvi ◽  
Henna Vepsäläinen ◽  
Carola Ray ◽  
Pauliina Hiltunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Hair Cortisol ◽  
Moderating Role

Abstract Screen time is increasing rapidly in young children. The aim of this study was to examine associations of long-term stress and temperament with screen time in Finnish preschool children and the moderating role of socioeconomic status. Cross-sectional DAGIS data were utilized. Long-term stress was assessed using hair cortisol concentration, indicating values of the past 2 months. Temperament was reported by the parents using the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (the Very Short Form), and three broad temperament dimensions were constructed: surgency, negative affectivity, and effortful control. Screen time was reported by the parents over 7 days. The highest education level in the household was used as an indicator of socioeconomic status. In total, 779 children (mean age, 4.7 ± 0.9 years, 52% boys) were included in the study. Of the temperament dimensions, a higher effortful control was associated with less screen time (B = − 6.70, p = 0.002). There was no evidence for an association between hair cortisol concentration and screen time nor a moderating role of socioeconomic status in the associations (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that preschool children with a higher score in effortful control had less screen time. Because effortful control reflects general self-regulatory abilities, promoting these skills may be effective in reducing screen time in young children. What is Known: • Screen time has increased rapidly during the last decades, and higher screen time has been linked with numerous adverse health consequences in children. • There are no previous studies investigating associations of long-term stress and temperament with screen time in young children. What is New: • Of the temperament dimensions, effortful control was associated with higher screen time in preschool children, but there was no association found between long-term stress and screen time. • Since effortful control reflects general self-regulatory abilities, promoting these skills may be effective in reducing screen time in young children.

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