scholarly journals Application and progress of three‐dimensional bioprinting in spinal cord injury

Ibrain ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu‐Qiu Xia ◽  
Hao Yuan ◽  
Ting‐Hua Wang ◽  
Liu‐Lin Xiong ◽  
Zhi‐Jun Xin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cord Injury

Transplantation of collagen sponge-based three-dimensional neural stem cells cultured in the RCCS system facilitate locomotor functional recovery in spinal cord injury animals

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwu Dai ◽  
Yunlong Zou ◽  
Yanyun Yin ◽  
Zhifeng Xiao ◽  
Yannan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Collagen Sponge ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Cells Cultured

Numerous studies have indicated that microgravity induces various changes in the cellular functions of neural stem cells (NSCs), and the use of microgravity to culture tissue engineering seed cells for...

Survival, Integration, and Axon Growth Support of Glia Transplanted into the Chronically Contused Spinal Cord

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Barakat ◽  
S. M. Gaglani ◽  
S. R. Neravetla ◽  
A. R. Sanchez ◽  
C. M. Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Axon Growth ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Chronic Injury ◽  
Injury Site ◽  
Position Errors ◽  
Cord Injury

Due to an ever-growing population of individuals with chronic spinal cord injury, there is a need for experimental models to translate efficacious regenerative and reparative acute therapies to chronic injury application. The present study assessed the ability of fluid grafts of either Schwann cells (SCs) or olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) to facilitate the growth of supraspinal and afferent axons and promote restitution of hind limb function after transplantation into a 2-month-old, moderate, thoracic (T8) contusion in the rat. The use of cultured glial cells, transduced with lentiviral vectors encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), permitted long-term tracking of the cells following spinal cord transplantation to examine their survival, migration, and axonal association. At 3 months following grafting of 2 million SCs or OEG in 6 μl of DMEM/F12 medium into the injury site, stereological quantification of the three-dimensional reconstructed spinal cords revealed that an average of 17.1 ± 6.8% of the SCs and 2.3 ± 1.4% of the OEG survived from the number transplanted. In the OEG grafted spinal cord, a limited number of glia were unable to prevent central cavitation and were found in patches around the cavity rim. The transplanted SCs, however, formed a substantive graft within the injury site capable of supporting the ingrowth of numerous, densely packed neurofilament-positive axons. The SC grafts were able to support growth of both ascending calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-positive and supraspinal serotonergic axons and, although no biotinylated dextran amine (BDA)-traced corticospinal axons were present within the center of the grafts, the SC transplants significantly increased corticospinal axon numbers immediately rostral to the injury–graft site compared with injury-only controls. Moreover, SC grafted animals demonstrated modest, though significant, improvements in open field locomotion and exhibited less foot position errors (base of support and foot rotation). Whereas these results demonstrate that SC grafts survive, support axon growth, and can improve functional outcome after chronic contusive spinal cord injury, further development of OEG grafting procedures in this model and putative combination strategies with SC grafts need to be further explored to produce substantial improvements in axon growth and function.

scholarly journals Electrical Stimulation Of The Cervical Dorsal Roots Enables Functional Arm And Hand Movements In Monkeys With Cervical Spinal Cord Injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Barra ◽  
S. Conti ◽  
M.G. Perich ◽  
K. Zhuang ◽  
G. Schiavone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Stimulation Of

SUMMARYRegaining arm motor control is a high priority for people with cervical spinal cord injury1. Unfortunately, no therapy can reverse upper limb paralysis. Promising neurotechnologies stimulating muscles to bypass the injury enabled grasping in humans with SCI2,3 but failed to sustain whole arm functional movements that are necessary for daily living activities. Here, we show that electrical stimulation of the cervical spinal cord enabled three monkeys with cervical SCI to execute functional, three-dimensional, arm movements. We designed a lateralized epidural interface that targeted motoneurons through the recruitment of sensory afferents within the dorsal roots and was adapted to the specific anatomy of each monkey. Simple stimulation bursts engaging single roots produced selective joint movements. We then triggered these bursts using movement-related intracortical signals, which enabled monkeys with arm motor deficits to perform an unconstrained, three-dimensional reach and grasp task. Our technology increased muscle activity, forces, task performance and quality of arm movements. Finally, analysis of intra-cortical neural data showed that a synergistic interaction between spared descending pathways and electrical stimulation enabled this restoration of voluntary motor control. Spinal cord stimulation is a mature clinical technology4–7, which suggests a realistic path for our approach to clinical applications.

Movement Coordination During Humeral Elevation in Individuals With Newly Acquired Spinal Cord Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Finley ◽  
Elizabeth Euiler ◽  
Shivayogi V. Hiremath ◽  
Joseph Sarver
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Movement Coordination ◽  
Cord Injury

Humeral elevation is a critical motion for individuals who use a manual wheelchair given that, in a typical day, wheelchair users reach overhead 5 times more often than able-bodied controls. Kinematic analyses in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) have focused on weight-bearing tasks rather than overhead reaching. This technical report presents shoulder movement coordination during overhead reaching in individuals with newly acquired SCI. Eight volunteers with acute SCI and 8 matched, uninjured controls participated. Three-dimensional kinematics were collected during seated, humeral elevation. Scapular and thoracic rotations during humeral elevation were averaged across repetitions. The linear relationship of scapular upward rotation to humeral elevation provided movement coordination analysis. Maximal elevation was reduced in SCI with increased thoracic kyphosis. Medium to large effect sizes were found at each elevation angle, with reduced scapular external rotation, posterior tilt, and increased thoracic kyphosis for those with SCI. The linear relationship occurred later and within a significantly (P = .02) smaller range of humeral elevation in SCI. Altered movement coordination, including a diminished linear association of scapular upward rotation and humeral elevation (scapulohumeral rhythm), is found with reduced maximal elevation and increased thoracic kyphosis during overhead reaching tasks in those with acute SCI.

39. Diagnosis of incomplete spinal cord injury using three dimensional neuromagnetic recordings

2008 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. e84
Author(s):  
Masaki Tomori ◽  
Shigenori Kawabata ◽  
Shoji Tomizawa ◽  
Senichi Ishii ◽  
Kenichi Shinomiya
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury
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