Local-scale and watershed-scale determinants of summertime urban stream temperatures

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 2427-2438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek B. Booth ◽  
Kristin A. Kraseski ◽  
C. Rhett Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Local Scale ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Watershed Scale

scholarly journals Generating reference evapotranspiration surfaces from the Hargreaves equation at watershed scale

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2495-2508 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Aguilar ◽  
M. J. Polo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Daily Scale ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Hargreaves Equation ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. In this study, Hargreaves' formulation is considered to be appropriate for the water and energy balance at a daily scale due to its simplicity of application once the distributed values of temperature are available at cell scale. However, the coefficient of the Hargreaves equation must be previously calibrated. The interplay of different factors at different temporal scales became evident in the calibration process at the local scale of weather stations. The best fits against daily estimates by ASCE-PM were achieved when differentiating between the wet and the dry season. For the spatial distribution of Hargreaves coefficient at watershed scale, a regionalization in the area around each weather station was proposed in terms of areas of influence. The best results at watershed scale were obtained after a spatial correction for alpine areas, when the average of the difference cell by cell between ASCE-PM and Hargreaves's distributed daily estimates were 0.02 and 0.15 mm day−1 for the wet and the dry seasons, respectively. In all the cases, the best interpolation results were obtained using C-I (calculate and interpolate) procedures.

Arctic snow distribution patterns at the watershed scale

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel W. Homan ◽  
Douglas L. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Snow Distribution

Watershed-scale hydrologic models require good estimates of spatially distributed snow water equivalent (SWE) at winter's end. Snow on the ground in arctic environments is susceptible to significant wind redistribution, which results in heterogeneous snowpacks. The scarcity and quality of data collected by snow gauges provides a poor indicator of actual snowpack distribution. Snow distribution patterns are similar from year to year because they are largely controlled by the interaction of topography, vegetation, and consistent weather patterns. Consequently, shallow and deep areas of snow tend to be spatially predetermined, resulting in depth (or SWE) differences that may vary as a whole, but not relative to each other. Our aim was to identify snowpack distribution patterns and establish their stability in time and space at a watershed scale. Snow patterns were established by: (1) using numerous field surveys from end-of-winter field campaigns; and (2) differentiating snowpacks that characterize small-scale anomalies (local scale) from snowpacks that represent a large-scale area (regional scale). We concluded that basic snow survey site descriptions could be used to separate survey locations into regional and local-scale representative sites. Removing local-scale influences provides a more accurate representation of the regional snowpack, which will aid in forecasting snowmelt runoff events.

scholarly journals Urban Stream Burial Increases Watershed-Scale Nitrate Export

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e0132256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake J. Beaulieu ◽  
Heather E. Golden ◽  
Christopher D. Knightes ◽  
Paul M. Mayer ◽  
Sujay S. Kaushal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Stream ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Nitrate Export

The Methow Beaver Project: the Challenges of an Ecosystem Services Experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Philip Brick ◽  
Kent Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Natural Resource Policy ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Climate Conditions

This case explores the Methow Beaver Project (MBP), an ambitious experiment to restore beaver (Castor canadensis) to a high mountain watershed in Washington State, USA. The Pacific Northwest is already experiencing weather regimes consistent with longer term climate projections, which predict longer and drier summers and stronger and wetter winter storms. Ironically, this combination makes imperative more water storage in one of the most heavily dammed regions in the nation. Although the positive role that beaver can play in watershed enhancement has been well known for decades, no project has previously attempted to re-introduce beaver on a watershed scale with a rigorous monitoring protocol designed to document improved water storage and temperature conditions needed for human uses and aquatic species. While the MBP has demonstrated that beaver can be re-introduced on a watershed scale, it has been much more difficult to scientifically demonstrate positive changes in water retention and stream temperature, given hydrologic complexity, unprecedented fire and floods, and the fact that beaver are highly mobile. This case study can help environmental studies students and natural resource policy professionals think about the broader challenges of diffuse, ecosystem services approaches to climate adaptation. Beaver-produced watershed improvements will remain difficult to quantify and verify, and thus will likely remain less attractive to water planners than conventional storage dams. But as climate conditions put additional pressure on such infrastructure, it is worth considering how beaver might be employed to augment watershed storage capacity, even if this capacity is likely to remain at least in part inscrutable.

A watershed-scale monitoring protocol for bull trout

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Isaak ◽  
Bruce Rieman ◽  
Dona Horan
Keyword(s):  
Bull Trout ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Monitoring Protocol
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