Incorporating accumulated temperature and algorithm of snow cover calculation into the snowmelt runoff model

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (25) ◽  
pp. 3589-3595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiyan Yu ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Lanhai Li ◽  
Anming Bao ◽  
Mupenzi Jean de la Paix
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Accumulated Temperature ◽  
Runoff Model

scholarly journals Remote Sensing of Snow Cover Variability and Its Influence on the Runoff of Sápmi’s Rivers

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Sebastian Rößler ◽  
Marius S. Witt ◽  
Jaakko Ikonen ◽  
Ian A. Brown ◽  
Andreas J. Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Boreal Winter ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Runoff Model

The boreal winter 2019/2020 was very irregular in Europe. While there was very little snow in Central Europe, the opposite was the case in northern Fenno-Scandia, particularly in the Arctic. The snow cover was more persistent here and its rapid melting led to flooding in many places. Since the last severe spring floods occurred in the region in 2018, this raises the question of whether more frequent occurrences can be expected in the future. To assess the variability of snowmelt related flooding we used snow cover maps (derived from the DLR’s Global SnowPack MODIS snow product) and freely available data on runoff, precipitation, and air temperature in eight unregulated river catchment areas. A trend analysis (Mann-Kendall test) was carried out to assess the development of the parameters, and the interdependencies of the parameters were examined with a correlation analysis. Finally, a simple snowmelt runoff model was tested for its applicability to this region. We noticed an extraordinary variability in the duration of snow cover. If this extends well into spring, rapid air temperature increases leads to enhanced thawing. According to the last flood years 2005, 2010, 2018, and 2020, we were able to differentiate between four synoptic flood types based on their special hydrometeorological and snow situation and simulate them with the snowmelt runoff model (SRM).

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF SNOW DEPLETION CURVE FOR GANGOTRI BASIN USING MULTI-SOURCE REMOTE SENSING DATA

2021 ◽  
Vol V-3-2021 ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
P. Verma ◽  
S. K. Ghosh ◽  
R. Ramsankaran
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Snow Cover Area ◽  
Depletion Curve ◽  
Normalized Difference Snow Index ◽  
Runoff Model ◽  
Key Parameter

Abstract. Snow Depletion Curve derived from satellite images is a key parameter in Snowmelt Runoff Model. The fixed temporal resolution of a satellite and presence of cloud cover in Himalayas restricts accuracy of generated SDC. This study presents an effective approach of reducing temporal interval between two consecutive dates by integrating normalized Snow Cover Area estimated from multiple sources of satellite data. SCA is extracted by using Normalized Difference Snow Index for six snowmelt seasons from 2013 to 2018 for Gangotri basin situated in Indian Himalayas. This work also explores potential of recently launched Sentinel-3A for estimating SCA. Normalized SCA is utilized to eliminate the effect of difference in spatial resolution of various satellites. The result develops an important linear relation between SDC and time with a decrease in snow cover of 0.005/day that may be further refined by increasing the number of snowmelt seasons. This relationship may help scientific community in understanding hydrological response of glaciers to climate change.

A comparison of MODIS and NOHRSC snow-cover products for simulating streamflow using the Snowmelt Runoff Model

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (15) ◽  
pp. 2951-2972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songweon Lee ◽  
Andrew G. Klein ◽  
Thomas M. Over
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Runoff Model

scholarly journals The Response of Areal Snow Cover to Climate Change in a Snowmelt—Runoff Model

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 232-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rango
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Snow Cover Extent ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Depletion Rate ◽  
Snow Water ◽  
Runoff Model

The cryosphere is represented in some hydrological models by the arcal extent of snow cover, a variable that has been operationally available in recent years through remote sensing. In particular, the snowmelt runoff model (SRM) requires the remotely sensed snow-cover extent as a major input variable. The SRM is well-suited for simulating the hydrological response of a basin to hypothetical climate change because it is a non-calibrated model. In order to run the SRM in a climate-change mode, the response of the areal snow cover to a change in climate is critical, and must be calculated as a function of elevation, precipitation, temperature, and snow-water equivalent. For the snowmelt-runoff season, the effect of climate change on conditions in the winter months has a major influence. In a warmer climate, winter may experience more rain vs snow events, and more periods of winter snowmelt that reduce the snow water equivalent present in the basin at the beginning of spring snow melt. As a result, the spring snowmelt runoff under conditions of climate warming will be affected not only by different temperatures and precipitation, but also by a different snow cover with a changed depletion rate. A new radiation-based version of the SRM is under development that will also take changes in cloudiness and humidity into account, making climate-change studies of the cryosphere even more physically based.

scholarly journals The response of areal snow cover to climate change in a snowmelt–runoff model

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
A. Rango
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Snow Cover Extent ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Snow Water ◽  
Runoff Model ◽  
Spring Snowmelt

The cryosphere is represented in some hydrological models by the areal extent of snow cover, a variable that has been operationally available in recent years through remote sensing. In particular, the snowmelt–runoff model (SRM) requires the remotely sensed snow-cover extent as a major input variable. The SRM is well-suited for simulating the hydrological response of a basin to hypothetical climate change because it is a non-calibrated model. In order to run the SRM in a climate-change mode, the response of the areal snow cover to a change in climate is critical, and must be calculated as a function of elevation, precipitation, temperature, and snow-water equivalent. For the snowmelt-runoff season, the effect of climate change on conditions in the winter months has a major influence. In a warmer climate, winter may experience more rain vs snow events, and more periods of winter snowmelt that reduce the snow water equivalent present in the basin at the beginning of spring snowmelt. As a result, the spring snowmelt runoff under conditions of climate warming will be affected not only by different temperatures and precipitation, but also by a different snow cover with a changed depletion rate. A new radiation-based version of the SRM is under development that will also take changes in cloudiness and humidity into account, making climate-change studies of the cryosphere even more physically based.

Modèles d'évolution du manteau nival et de la fonte des neiges

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Saâd Bennis ◽  
Paul-Édouard Brunelle
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Snow Pack ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Maximum Daily Temperature ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Runoff Model

The predictive snowmelt runoff model (SRM), previously suggested by other authors, is reliable and easy to use. Furthermore, the only parameters required are temperature and precipitation, and density and thickness of the snow pack. The literature available indicates that simulation results with this model are generally satisfactory. However, data on the extent of the snow cover are not always available; this means that the snow pack must be calculated before the SRM can be used. Our purpose herein is to develop a model to evaluate the snowpack, which is to be used in conjunction with the SRM. The SRM was modified in that maximum daily temperature was used instead of the number of degrees-days. The snowmelt and snow cover models were calibrated and tested along the drainage basin of the Eaton River, a tributary of the Saint-François River in the province of Quebec. Key words: snowmelt, prediction, flooding. [Journal translation]

scholarly journals Snow Cover Mapping using Microcomputer Image Processing Systems

1991 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Baumgartner ◽  
A. Rango
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Microcomputer System ◽  
Small Computer ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Forecasting Models ◽  
Runoff Forecasting ◽  
Software And Hardware ◽  
Runoff Model

For many years, digital snow cover mapping using satellite data had to be carried out on large and expensive image processing systems. Recently, small computer systems (microcomputers) have been developed for image processing. Snowmelt runoff forecasting models have also been developed to run on microcomputers. Digital snow mapping procedures were surveyed, and a general snow mapping approach was developed that allows use in various snowpack regions. Tests were conducted to determine if satellite snow cover mapping could be carried out effectively on the microcomputers and which combination of software and hardware provided optimum performance. A range of computer facilities was tested and recommended capabilities for snow cover image processing were established. It was discovered that adequate microcomputer image processing systems were already on the market, and that the Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) could easily be run on the same microcomputer system. Further improvements will result as the 40486 microcomputers image processing systems become widely available. The microcomputer approach, as opposed to operation on larger, more expensive, and non dedicated systems, has much appeal for hydroelectric power companies and other small users who need economical, yet powerful, processing systems where both snow mapping and snowmelt runoff forecasting can be conducted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Snowmelt Runoff Model in the Moroccan High Atlas Mountains using two snow-cover estimates

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1094-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABDELGHANI BOUDHAR ◽  
LAHOUCINE HANICH ◽  
GILLES BOULET ◽  
BENOIT DUCHEMIN ◽  
BRAHIM BERJAMY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
High Atlas ◽  
Atlas Mountains ◽  
High Atlas Mountains ◽  
Runoff Model
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