Spatial pattern of infiltration rate and its effect on hydrological processes in a small headwater catchment

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shusuke Miyata ◽  
Ken'ichirou Kosugi ◽  
Yotaro Nishi ◽  
Takashi Gomi ◽  
Roy C. Sidle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Headwater Catchment

scholarly journals Impact of Climate and Land Use/Land Cover Change on the Water Resources of a Tropical Inland Valley Catchment in Uganda, East Africa

Climate ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Geofrey Gabiri ◽  
Bernd Diekkrüger ◽  
Kristian Näschen ◽  
Constanze Leemhuis ◽  
Roderick van der Linden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Lulc Change ◽  
Inland Valley ◽  
Headwater Catchment

The impact of climate and land use/land cover (LULC) change continues to threaten water resources availability for the agriculturally used inland valley wetlands and their catchments in East Africa. This study assessed climate and LULC change impacts on the hydrological processes of a tropical headwater inland valley catchment in Uganda. The hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied to analyze climate and LULC change impacts on the hydrological processes. An ensemble of six regional climate models (RCMs) from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment for two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, were used for climate change assessment for historical (1976–2005) and future climate (2021–2050). Four LULC scenarios defined as exploitation, total conservation, slope conservation, and protection of headwater catchment were considered. The results indicate an increase in precipitation by 7.4% and 21.8% of the annual averages in the future under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. Future wet conditions are more pronounced in the short rainy season than in the long rainy season. Flooding intensity is likely to increase during the rainy season with low flows more pronounced in the dry season. Increases in future annual averages of water yield (29.0% and 42.7% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively) and surface runoff (37.6% and 51.8% under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively) relative to the historical simulations are projected. LULC and climate change individually will cause changes in the inland valley hydrological processes, but more pronounced changes are expected if the drivers are combined, although LULC changes will have a dominant influence. Adoption of total conservation, slope conservation and protection of headwater catchment LULC scenarios will significantly reduce climate change impacts on water resources in the inland valley. Thus, if sustainable climate-smart management practices are adopted, the availability of water resources for human consumption and agricultural production will increase.

Roles of deep bedrock groundwater in surface hydrological processes in a headwater catchment

2008 ◽  
pp. 341-347
Author(s):  
T Mizutani ◽  
K Ishio ◽  
H Kato ◽  
S Katsura ◽  
K Kosugi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Headwater Catchment

scholarly journals Physically-based modelling of hydrological processes in a tropical headwater catchment (West Africa) – process representation and multi-criteria validation

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Giertz ◽  
B. Diekkrüger ◽  
G. Steup
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Headwater Catchment

Abstract. The aim of the study was to test the applicability of a physically-based model to simulate the hydrological processes in a headwater catchment in Benin. Field investigations in the catchment have shown that lateral processes such as surface runoff and interflow are most important. Therefore, the 1-D SVAT-model SIMULAT was modified to a semi-distributed hillslope version (SIMULAT-H). Based on a good database, the model was evaluated in a multi-criteria validation using discharge, discharge components and soil moisture data. For the validation of discharge, good results were achieved for dry and wet years. The main differences were observable in the beginning of the rainy season. A comparison of the discharge components determined by hydro-chemical measurements with the simulation revealed that the model simulated the ratio of groundwater fluxes and fast runoff components correctly. For the validation of the discharge components of single events, larger differences were observable, which was partly caused by uncertainties in the precipitation data. The representation of the soil moisture dynamics by the model was good for the top soil layer. For deeper soil horizons, which are characterized by higher gravel content, the differences between simulated and measured soil moisture were larger. A good agreement of simulation results and field investigations was achieved for the runoff generation processes. Interflow is the predominant process on the upper and the middle slopes, while at the bottom of the hillslope groundwater recharge and – during the rainy season – saturated overland flow are important processes.

scholarly journals Physically-based modelling of hydrological processes in a tropical headwater catchment in Benin (West Africa) – process representation and multi-criteria validation

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 595-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Giertz ◽  
B. Diekkrüger ◽  
G. Steup
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Runoff Generation ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Headwater Catchment

Abstract. The aim of the study was to test the applicability of a physically-based model to simulate the hydrological processes in a headwater catchment in Benin. Field investigations in the catchment have shown that lateral processes as surface runoff and interflow are most important. Therefore the 1-D SVAT-model SIMULAT was modified to a hillslope version (SIMULAT-H). Due to a good database the model was evaluated in a multi-criteria validation using discharge, discharge components and spatially distributed soil moisture data. For the validation of discharge good results were achieved for dry and wet years. Main differences were observable in the beginning of the rainy season. The comparison of the discharge components determined by hydrochemical measurements with the simulation revealed that the model simulated the ratio of groundwater fluxes and fast runoff components correctly. For the validation of the discharge components of single events larger differences were observable, which was partly caused by uncertainties in the precipitation data. The representation of the soil moisture dynamics by the model was good for the top soil layer. For deeper soil horizons, which are characterized by higher gravel content, the differences between simulated and measured soil moisture were larger. Concerning the runoff generation processes a good agreement of simulation results and field investigations was achieved. On the upper and the middle slope interflow is the predominant process, while at the bottom of the hillslope groundwater recharge and – during the rainy season – saturated overland flow are important processes.

scholarly journals Evaluating Hydrological Processes of the Atmosphere–Vegetation Interaction Model and MERRA-2 at Global Scale

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Meizhao Lv ◽  
Zhongfeng Xu ◽  
Meixia Lv
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Surface Soil Moisture ◽  
Global Land

Hydrological processes are a key component of land surface models and link to the energy budget and carbon cycle. This study assessed the global hydrological processes of the Atmosphere–Vegetation Interaction Model (AVIM) using multiple datasets, including the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS), the University of New Hampshire and Global Runoff Data Centre (UNH-GRDC), the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative (CCI), the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM), and the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2) datasets. The comparisons showed that the AVIM gives a reasonable spatial pattern for surface soil moisture and surface runoff, but a less satisfactory spatial pattern for evapotranspiration. The AVIM clearly underestimates surface runoff worldwide and overestimates the surface soil moisture in the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, while yielding moderately higher evapotranspiration in arid areas and lower evapotranspiration in low-latitude areas near the equator. The annual cycle of evapotranspiration in the AVIM shows good agreement with the GLEAM dataset, whereas the surface soil moisture in the AVIM has a poor annual cycle relative to the CCI dataset. The AVIM simulates a late start time for snowmelt, which leads to a two-month delay in the peak surface runoff. These results clearly point out the directions required for improvements in the AVIM, which will support future investigations of water–carbon–atmosphere interactions. In addition, the evapotranspiration in the MERRA-2 dataset had an overall good performance comparable with that of the GLEAM dataset, but its surface soil moisture did not perform well when validated against the CCI dataset.

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