First-year post-fire erosion rates in Bitterroot National Forest, Montana

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 998-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Spigel ◽  
Peter R. Robichaud
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Bitterroot National Forest

scholarly journals Response of <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> roots to sheet-erosion exposure: an anatomical approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Rubiales ◽  
J. M. Bodoque ◽  
J. A. Ballesteros ◽  
A. Diez-Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
First Year ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Sheet Erosion

Abstract. Anatomical changes of exposed tree roots are valuable tools to date erosion events, but the responses of diverse species under different types of erosion need still to be studied in detail. In this paper we analyze the histological changes that occur in roots of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) subjected to continuous denudation. A descriptive and quantitative study was conducted in the Senda Schmidt, a popular trail located on the northern slope of the Sierra de Guadarrama (Central Iberian System, Spain). Measurement of significant parameters allowed the moment of exposure of the roots to be identified. These parameters were: a) width of the growth ring; b) number of cells per ring; c) percentage of latewood and d) diameter of cellular light in earlywood. A one-way analysis ANOVA was also carried out in order to establish statistically significant differences between homogeneous groups of measurements in pre-exposed and exposed roots. Based on these analyses, Scots pine roots show a remarkable anatomical response to sheet-erosion exposure. Increased growth in the ring is accompanied by a slight reduction of the cell lumina of the earlywood tracheids. At the end of the ring, several rows of thick-walled tracheids define latewood tissue and visible annual borders very clearly. Furthermore, resin ducts often appear in tangential rows, increasing resin density in the tissue. All of these indicators made it possible to determine with precision the first year of exposure and to estimate precisely sheet erosion rates.

Dormancy, Longevity, and Germination of Seed of Three Larkspurs and Western False Hellebore

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Coburn Williams ◽  
Eugene H. Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
First Year ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Snow Melt ◽  
Delphinium Barbeyi ◽  
Moist Sand ◽  
Tall Larkspur ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Delphinium Occidentale

Dormancy, longevity, and germination of seed of tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi Huth), duncecap larkspur (Delphinium occidentale S. Wats.), low larkspur (Delphinium nelsonii Greene), and western false hellebore (Veratrum californicum Durand) were investigated. Field studies were conducted in the Cache National Forest in Idaho at 8,000 ft elevation. With the exception of 12 of 400 buried duncecap larkspur seed, seed of all species in the longevity study germinated or disintegrated the first year under field conditions. No sound or viable seed was found at the end of the second year. Dormancy of most seed was broken in 13 to 19 weeks when seed were held at 33 to 34 F in moist sand in the laboratory or when seed were in contact with moist unfrozen soil under snow. Under optimum field conditions, the majority of the seed germinated by late March. Seedlings were well-established before snow-melt in June.

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