Investigating the conversion coefficients for free water surface evaporation of different evaporation pans

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2247-2262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guobin Fu ◽  
Changming Liu ◽  
Shulin Chen ◽  
Jialian Hong
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Surface Evaporation ◽  
Free Water Surface ◽  
Conversion Coefficients

Fertility investigations on the black earth wheatlands of the Darling Downs, Queensland. II. Moisture and evapotranspiration in relation to the wheat crop

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 717 ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Waring ◽  
WE Fox ◽  
LJH Teakle
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Surface Evaporation ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Free Water Surface ◽  
Available Soil Moisture ◽  
The Relationship

The effects on wheat yields of available soil moisture at planting, rainfall during the growing period, and evapo-transpiration were examined for the years 1951-1954. The relation between free water surface evaporation, available soil moisture, and evapo-transpiration was examined for the years 1951 and 1952. Wheat yields were found to be correlated with available soil moisture at planting for the four years combined, the two drier years combined (1951 and l953), and the two wetter years combined (1952 and 1954). The relationship for the four years combined was sufficiently strong to suggest that available moisture at planting could be successfully used for yield prediction. Yield was correlated with evapo-transpiration only for the dry year 1953. The ratio of yield to evapo-transpiration was found to be lower for the years of high rainfall during the growing period, the mean values for the wet and dry years being 2.1 and 3.5 bus./in. respectively. Growing-perlod rainfall was correlated with yield only for the month of August for the two dry years of 1951 and 1953 combined. Evapotranspiration (Etr) was found to be correlated with free water surface evaporation (Ew) and Ew0.75 in the monthly data, the value for C in the relationship Etr = CEw0.75 being calculated as 0.53. Available soil moisture was correlated with evapo-transpiration using data from the beginning and end of the season in 1953, but was not correlated using monthly data. The method of calculating monthly available soil moisture is shown to be important in this correlation. A method of calculating available soil moisture over a monthly period, based on a mean daily figure for the month, is described.

EFEKTIVITAS TANAMAN GENJER DALAM MENURUNKAN BOD DAN COD LIMBAH CAIR TAHU HASIL PROSES ANAEROB

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irvan Nurliansyah
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Free Water Surface

ABSTRAK Limbah cair tahu merupakan limbah cair yang berasal dari proses pembuatan tahu. Limbah cair tahu mengandung senyawa organik yang tinggi. Pembuangan limbah cair tahu secara langsung ke badan air tanpa dilakukan pengolahan dapat mempengaruhi dan mencemari lingkungan. Suatu cara untuk menanggulangi permasalahan tersebut adalah melakukan pengolahan limbah cair tahu. Salah satu alternatif pengolahan limbah cair tahu yang dapat digunakan adalah fitoremediasi menggunakan tanaman genjer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efisiensi pengolahan dan efektivitas waktu tinggal pengolahan limbah cair tahu menggunakan tanaman genjer dalam menurunkan BOD dan COD effluen hasil proses pengolahan anaerob limbah cair tahu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah fitoremediasi menggunakan tanaman genjer pada sistem lahan basah buatan Free Water Surface flow dengan waktu tinggal 3 hari, 5 hari dan 7 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi pengolahan secara fitoremediasi pada hari ke 3 untuk BOD dan COD berturut-turut sebesar 21,28% dan 16,13%. Pada hari ke 5 efisiensi pengolahan yang diperoleh untuk BOD dan COD berturut-turut sebesar 52,60% dan 45,93% sedangkan efisiensi pengolahan pada hari ke 7 untuk BOD dan COD berturut-turut sebesar 76,42% dan 70,74%. Waktu tinggal efektif yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini adalah  7 hari dengan nilai BOD dan COD telah berada dibawah baku mutu yaitu berturut-turut sebesar 72,72 mg/l dan 213,33 mg/l.   Kata kunci : limbah cair tahu, fitoremediasi, tanaman genjer, efisiensi pengolahan, waktu tinggal

A Free Water Surface Constructed Wetland in Treating Sugarcane Wastewater

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Doorce S. Batubara ◽  
Donald Dean Adrian
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Free Water Surface
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