Are peatlands in different states with respect to their thermodynamic behaviour? A simple test of peatland energy and entropy budgets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Worrall ◽  
R. Morrison ◽  
C. Evans ◽  
J. Kaduk ◽  
S. Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Test ◽  
Thermodynamic Behaviour

A Simple Test for Urine Bilirubin

1953 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred H. Free ◽  
Helen M. Free
Keyword(s):  
Simple Test

A Simple Test For Botulism Toxin

2011 ◽  
pp. 021011142733
Author(s):  
Rajendrani Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Simple Test

Laser Failure Isolation Techniques Demonstrated On Test Structures

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank S. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Laser Beam ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Simple Test ◽  
Resistance Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Beam Focusing ◽  
Isolation Techniques ◽  
Heating Effects

Abstract To be better prepared to use laser based failure isolation techniques on field failures of complex integrated circuits, simple test structures without any failures can be used to study Optical Beam Induced Resistance Change (OBIRCH) results. In this article, four case studies are presented on the following test structures: metal strap, contact string, VIA string, and comb test structure. Several experiments were done to investigate why an OBIRCH image was seen in certain areas of a VIA string and not in others. One experiment showed the OBRICH variation was not related to the cooling and heating effects of the topology, or laser beam focusing. A 4 point probe resistance measurement and cross-sectional views correlated with the OBIRCH results and proved OBIRCH was able to detect a variation in VIA fabrication.

A simple test for monitoring biodegradable industrial pollution in a receiving stream

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 221-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Zagorc-Končan ◽  
J. Šömen
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Industrial Pollution ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Simple Test ◽  
Industrial Pollutants ◽  
Model Substances ◽  
Receiving Stream

Microbial purification capacity is an important factor in natural self-regulation in water. Evaluating the fate of biodegradable organic pollution downstream from the discharge seems an appropriate way to follow the effect of pollution and its hazard assessment, which dictates the needed sanitation measures. We suggest a simple test for such monitoring. A modification of the additional oxygen demand test, standardised in Ausgewählte Methoden der Wasseruntersuchung, was applied in two river case studies. The additional oxygen demand is a measure of the capability and rate of biodegradation of known organic substance as well as of the amount and activity of heterotrophic organisms in the river. The original test using peptone and glucose as additional feedings of BOD samples was modified by the use of other organic biodegradable model substances characteristic for individual industrial pollutants. The test was found to be an excellent indicator of adapted microorganisms, which are essential for the biodegradation of the appointed organic substances downstream of their discharge into the receiving stream.

Transient Kinetic and Thermodynamic Behaviour of Langmuir Adsorption in a Flow System

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 726-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloslav Pekař ◽  
Josef Koubek
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Equilibrium ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Adsorption Rate ◽  
Adsorption Behaviour ◽  
Transient Responses ◽  
Simple Reaction ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption ◽  
Thermodynamic Behaviour

Various kinetic pathways to the adsorption equilibrium in an isothermal differential bed of adsorbent are illustrated on several examples. Discussion is based on the computed transient responses of adsorption rate and distance from adsorption equilibrium to the start of adsorptive feed. It is shown that adsorption behaviour in flow system may not be smooth and very steep changes on the rate responses may appear. Even the simple reaction need not approach equilibrium smoothly but at a jump. The approach assuming "closeness to the equilibrium" should be used very carefully, in this case.

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