Data sets for the Upper Penticton Creek Watershed Experiment: a paired‐catchment study to support investigations of watershed response to forest dynamics and climatic variability in an inland snow‐dominated region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Moore ◽  
D. M. Allen ◽  
L. G. MacKenzie ◽  
D. L. Spittlehouse ◽  
R. D. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Forest Dynamics ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Watershed Response ◽  
Creek Watershed ◽  
Paired Catchment

scholarly journals The effects of cumulative forest disturbance on streamflow in a large watershed in the central interior of British Columbia, Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 2021-2034 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zhang ◽  
X. Wei
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Creek Watershed

Abstract. The Baker Creek watershed (1570 km2), situated in the central interior of British Columbia, Canada, has been severely disturbed by both logging and natural disturbance, particularly by a recent large-scale mountain pine beetle (MPB) infestation (up to 2009, 70.2% of the watershed area had been attacked by MPB) and subsequent salvage logging. The concept of equivalent clear-cut area (ECA) was used to indicate the magnitude of forest disturbance, with consideration of hydrological recovery following various types of disturbance (wildfire, logging and MPB infestation), cumulated over space and time in the watershed. The cumulative ECA peaked at 62.2% in 2009. A combined approach of statistical analysis (i.e. time series analysis) and graphic method (modified double mass curve) was employed to evaluate the impacts of forest disturbance on hydrology. Our results showed that severe forest disturbance significantly increased annual mean flow. The average increment in annual mean flow caused by forest disturbance was 48.4 mm yr−1, while the average decrease in annual mean flow caused by climatic variability during the same disturbance period was 35.5 mm yr−1. The opposite changes in directions and magnitudes clearly suggest an offsetting effect between forest disturbance and climatic variability, with the absolute influential strength of forest disturbance (57.7%) overriding that from climate variability (42.3%). Forest disturbance also produced significant positive effects on low flow and dry season (fall and winter) mean flow. Implications of our findings for future forest and water resources management are discussed in the context of long-term watershed sustainability.

scholarly journals The cumulative effects of forest disturbance on streamflow in a large watershed in the central interior of British Columbia, Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2855-2895 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zhang ◽  
X. Wei
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Forest Disturbance ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Creek Watershed

Abstract. The Baker Creek watershed (1570 km2) situated in the central interior of British Columbia, Canada has been severely disturbed by both human-being logging and natural disturbance, particularly by a recent large-scale mountain pine beetle (MPB) infestation (up to 2009, 70.2% of the watershed area was attacked by MPB) and subsequent salvage logging. The concept of equivalent clear-cut area (ECA) was used to indicate the magnitude of forest disturbance with consideration of hydrological recovery following various types of disturbances (wildfire, logging and MPB infestation) cumulated over space and time in the studied watershed. The cumulative ECA was up to 62.2% in 2009. A combined approach of statistical analysis (time series analysis) with modified double mass curve was employed to evaluate the impacts of forest disturbance on hydrology. Our results showed that severe forest disturbance significantly increased annual mean flow. The average increment in annual mean flow caused by forest disturbance was 48.4 mm yr−1, while the average decrease in annual mean flow caused by climatic variability during the same disturbance period was −35.5 mm yr−1. The opposite change directions and magnitudes clearly suggest offsetting effect between forest disturbance and climatic variability, with the absolute influential strength of forest disturbance (57.7%) overriding that from climate variability (42.3%). Forest disturbances also produced significant positive effect on low flow and dry season (fall and winter) mean flow. Implications of our findings for future forest and water resources management are discussed in the context of long-term watershed sustainability.

scholarly journals Contribution of model parameter uncertainty to future hydrological projections

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghuan Zhang ◽  
Qiuhong Tang ◽  
John F. Knowles ◽  
Ben Livneh
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Uncertainty ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Optimal Parameter ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Hydrologic Models ◽  
Parameter Uncertainties ◽  
Future Projections ◽  
Creek Watershed

Abstract. Hydrologic models have been applied to predict land surface water and energy budgets in mountainous watersheds that are characterized by complex geological features and climatic variability. A common practice is to calibrate the models and achieve the best performing parameter set according to historical observations, and then the calibrated model was used to do future projections. One drawback is that the influence of parameter uncertainty on model projections is not well discussed. In this study, we applied multiple objective functions to choose a group of best performing parameter sets to the Boulder Creek Watershed, USA to investigate how parameter uncertainties can propagate to future projections. We used 16 parameter sets that have similar performance in simulating streamflow amount and regime historically, and applied the same parameter sets to predict hydrologic variables including streamflow, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture in two future phases (Phase 1 is 2040-2069 and Phase 2 is 2070-2099). The results show that variability due to parameter uncertainty was up to 10 % annually and 26 % monthly under future climate change scenarios, and the uncertainties are especially prominent during May to September. The different parameter sets can result to annual streamflow changes in opposite directions. The results indicate that a single parameter set may yield biased representation of hydrologic variability. It is necessary to consider multiple optimal parameter sets in applying hydrologic models for hydrological projections and water resources decision making.

scholarly journals Identifying groundwater discharge zones in the Central Mackenzie Valley using remotely sensed optical and thermal imagery

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Brittney K. Glass ◽  
David L. Rudolph ◽  
Claude Duguay ◽  
Andrew Wicke
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Creek Watershed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hydrologic System ◽  
Potential Contaminant ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

Landsat 4–5 Thematic Mapper, Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager, and RapidEye-3 data sets were used to identify potential groundwater discharge zones, via icings, in the Central Mackenzie Valley (CMV) of the Northwest Territories. Given that this area is undergoing active shale oil exploration and climatic changes, identification of groundwater discharge zones is of great importance both for pinpointing potential contaminant transport pathways and for characterizing the hydrologic system. Following the work of Morse and Wolfe (2015), a series of image algorithms were applied to imagery for the entire CMV and for the Bogg Creek watershed (a sub watershed of the CMV) for selected years between 2004 and 2017. Icings were statistically examined for all of the selected years to determine whether a significant difference in their spatial occurrence existed. It was concluded that there was a significant difference in the spatial distribution of icings from year to year (α = 0.05), but that there were several places where icings were recurring. During the summer of 2018, these recurrent icings, which are expected to be spring sourced, were verified using a thermal camera aboard a helicopter, as well as in situ measurements of hydraulic gradient, groundwater geochemistry, and electroconductivity. Strong agreement was found between the mapped icings and summer field data, making them ideal field monitoring locations. Furthermore, identifying these discharge points remotely is expected to have drastically reduced the field efforts that would have been required to find them in situ. This work demonstrates the value of remote sensing methods for hydrogeological applications, particularly in remote northern locations.

An example of spectrum imaging used for comparison of EELS quantitative analysis techniques on Al-Li

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
John A. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Difference Spectrum ◽  
Large Data Sets ◽  
Foil Thickness ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Spectrum Imaging ◽  
Normal Spectrum ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Spectrum-imaging is a useful technique for comparing different processing methods on very large data sets which are identical for each method. This paper is concerned with comparing methods of electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) quantitative analysis on the Al-Li system. The spectrum-image analyzed here was obtained from an Al-10at%Li foil aged to produce δ' precipitates that can span the foil thickness. Two 1024 channel EELS spectra offset in energy by 1 eV were recorded and stored at each pixel in the 80x80 spectrum-image (25 Mbytes). An energy range of 39-89eV (20 channels/eV) are represented. During processing the spectra are either subtracted to create an artifact corrected difference spectrum, or the energy offset is numerically removed and the spectra are added to create a normal spectrum. The spectrum-images are processed into 2D floating-point images using methods and software described in [1].

Computer-aided methods for 3-D visualization of serial sections and thick biological specimens

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1060-1061
Author(s):  
Mark Ellisman ◽  
Maryann Martone ◽  
Gabriel Soto ◽  
Eleizer Masliah ◽  
David Hessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neuritic Plaque ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Molecular Physiology ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Structurally-oriented biologists examine cells, tissues, organelles and macromolecules in order to gain insight into cellular and molecular physiology by relating structure to function. The understanding of these structures can be greatly enhanced by the use of techniques for the visualization and quantitative analysis of three-dimensional structure. Three projects from current research activities will be presented in order to illustrate both the present capabilities of computer aided techniques as well as their limitations and future possibilities.The first project concerns the three-dimensional reconstruction of the neuritic plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. We have developed a software package “Synu” for investigation of 3D data sets which has been used in conjunction with laser confocal light microscopy to study the structure of the neuritic plaque. Tissue sections of autopsy samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease were double-labeled for tau, a cytoskeletal marker for abnormal neurites, and synaptophysin, a marker of presynaptic terminals.

Direct phase determination in electron crystallography: small organic molecules

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1166-1167
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Dorset
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Temperature Structure ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Intensity Data ◽  
Electron Crystallography ◽  
Phase Determination ◽  
Measured Intensity ◽  
3D Data

The quantitative use of electron diffraction intensity data for the determination of crystal structures represents the pioneering achievement in the electron crystallography of organic molecules, an effort largely begun by B. K. Vainshtein and his co-workers. However, despite numerous representative structure analyses yielding results consistent with X-ray determination, this entire effort was viewed with considerable mistrust by many crystallographers. This was no doubt due to the rather high crystallographic R-factors reported for some structures and, more importantly, the failure to convince many skeptics that the measured intensity data were adequate for ab initio structure determinations.We have recently demonstrated the utility of these data sets for structure analyses by direct phase determination based on the probabilistic estimate of three- and four-phase structure invariant sums. Examples include the structure of diketopiperazine using Vainshtein's 3D data, a similar 3D analysis of the room temperature structure of thiourea, and a zonal determination of the urea structure, the latter also based on data collected by the Moscow group.

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