Impacts of Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement on the Runoff Hydrograph: Volume Reduction, Peak Flow Mitigation, and Extension of Lag Times

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Andrew Tirpak ◽  
Ryan J. Winston ◽  
Melissa Feliciano ◽  
Jay D. Dorsey ◽  
Thomas H. Epps
Keyword(s):  
Peak Flow ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Reduction Peak ◽  
Runoff Hydrograph ◽  
Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement ◽  
Lag Times

scholarly journals Evaluating the hydrologic and water quality performance of novel infiltrating wet retention ponds

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-299
Author(s):  
Joshua B. Baird ◽  
Ryan J. Winston ◽  
William F. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Reduction Peak ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Retention Ponds ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Current Design ◽  
One Year

Abstract Wet retention ponds temporarily store and slowly release stormwater to mitigate peak flow rates and remove particulate-bound pollutants. However, with sandy underlying soils, wet retention ponds may provide additional benefits through infiltration, thereby recharging groundwater and supporting baseflow in streams. Current design guidance often requires lining wet ponds to prevent infiltration; however, modern stormwater management strategies recommend maximizing runoff volume reduction through infiltration. Two infiltrating wet retention ponds in Fayetteville, NC, USA, were monitored for one year to assess volume reduction, peak flow mitigation, and water quality. In some months, 100% of stormwater runoff infiltrated and evaporated, with cumulative annual volume reductions of 60 and 51% for the two ponds. For events up to 76 mm (equivalent to the local 1-yr, 24-hr storm), measured peak flow reductions were similar to those of typical (non-infiltrating) wet ponds (median 99% reduction). Dissolved nitrogen species, total and dissolved phosphorus, and total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations were significantly reduced in both ponds; mean percent reductions were greater than 30% for each of these pollutants. Effluent concentrations were on par with typical (non-infiltrating) wet ponds previously monitored in North Carolina. Due to the aforementioned runoff reduction, nutrient and TSS loads were reduced by (at minimum) 35 and 67%, respectively. Infiltrating wet ponds were able to meet both peak flow and volume mitigation goals, suggesting that they could be a common tool in regions with sandy soils.

scholarly journals Hydrological Effectiveness of an Extensive Green Roof in Mediterranean Climate

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Anna Palermo ◽  
Michele Turco ◽  
Francesca Principato ◽  
Patrizia Piro
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Reduction Peak ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Extensive Green Roof ◽  
Subsurface Runoff

In urban water management, green roofs provide a sustainable solution for flood risk mitigation. Numerous studies have investigated green roof hydrologic effectiveness and the parameters that influence their operation; many have been conducted on the pilot scale, whereas only some of these have been executed on full-scale rooftop installations. Several models have been developed, but only a few have investigated the influence of green roof physical parameters on performance. From this broader context, this paper presents the results of a monitoring analysis of an extensive green roof located at the University of Calabria, Italy, in the Mediterranean climate region. To obtain this goal, the subsurface runoff coefficient, peak flow reduction, peak flow lag-time, and time to the start of runoff were evaluated at an event scale by considering a set of data collected between October 2015 and September 2016 consisting of 62 storm events. The mean value of subsurface runoff was 32.0% when considering the whole dataset, and 50.4% for 35 rainfall events (principally major than 8.0 mm); these results indicate the good hydraulic performance of this specific green roof in a Mediterranean climate, which is in agreement with other studies. A modeling approach was used to evaluate the influence of the substrate depth on green roof retention. The soil hydraulics features were first measured using a simplified evaporation method, and then modeled using HYDRUS-1D software (PC-Progress s.r.o., Prague, Czech Republic) by considering different values of soil depth (6 cm, 9 cm, 12 cm, and 15 cm) for six months under Mediterranean climate conditions. The results showed how the specific soil substrate was able to achieve a runoff volume reduction ranging from 22% to 24% by increasing the soil depth.

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