Evaluating lacustrine groundwater discharge to a large glacial lake using regional scale radon‐222 surveys and groundwater modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley Wallace ◽  
E. J. Wexler ◽  
Spencer Malott ◽  
Clare E. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Modeling ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Glacial Lake

Hydrogeological controls on heterogeneous groundwater discharge to a large glacial lake

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-485
Author(s):  
Hayley Wallace ◽  
Tao Ji ◽  
Clare E. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Glacial Lake

87 Sr/86 Sr as a tracer of groundwater discharge and precipitation recharge in the Glacial Lake Agassiz Peatlands, northern Minnesota

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 3701-3710 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Hogan ◽  
Joel D. Blum ◽  
Donald I. Siegel ◽  
Paul H. Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Lake Agassiz ◽  
Glacial Lake Agassiz

scholarly journals Central Himalayan rivers record the topographic signature of erosion by glacial lake outburst floods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell P. Dahlquist ◽  
A. Joshua West
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Nepal Himalaya ◽  
River Incision ◽  
Outburst Floods ◽  
Glacial Lake Outburst Floods ◽  
Bedrock Erosion ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
Future Work

Abstract. In steep landscapes, river incision sets the pace of landscape evolution. Transport of coarse sediment controls incision by evacuating material delivered to river channels by landslides. However, large landslide-derived boulders that impede bedrock erosion are immobile even in major runoff-driven floods. Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) mobilize these boulders and drive incision, yet their role in regional-scale erosion is poorly understood, largely because of their rarity. Here, we find a topographic signature consistent with widespread GLOF erosion in the Nepal Himalaya. In rivers with glaciated headwaters that generate GLOFs, valleys stay narrow and relatively free of sediment, with bedrock often exposed to erosion. In turn, tributaries to these valleys are steep, allowing less efficient erosional regimes to keep pace with GLOF-driven incision. Where GLOFs are less frequent, valleys are more alluviated and incision stalls. Our results suggest the extent of headwater glaciation may play an important role in erosion of Himalayan river valleys and deserves more attention in future work.

scholarly journals Hazardous geomorphic processes in the extratropical Andes with a focus on glacial lake outburst floods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Pablo Iribarren Anacona
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Rock Falls ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Outburst Floods ◽  
Glacial Lake Outburst Floods ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Frequency Magnitude

<p>This study examines hazardous processes and events originating from glacier and permafrost areas in the extratropical Andes (Andes of Chile and Argentina) in order to document their frequency, magnitude, dynamics and their geomorphic and societal impacts. Ice-avalanches and rock-falls from permafrost areas, lahars from ice-capped volcanoes and glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) have occurred in the extratropical Andes causing ~200 human deaths in the Twentieth Century. However, data about these events is scarce and has not been studied systematically. Thus, a better knowledge of glacier and permafrost hazards in the extratropical Andes is required to better prepare for threats emerging from a rapidly evolving cryosphere.  I carried out a regional-scale review of hazardous processes and events originating in glacier and permafrost areas in the extratropical Andes. This review, developed by means of a bibliographic analysis and the interpretation of satellite images, shows that multi-phase mass movements involving glaciers and permafrost and lahars have caused damage to communities in the extratropical Andes. However, it is noted that GLOFs are one the most common and far reaching hazards and that GLOFs in this region include some of the most voluminous GLOFs in historical time on Earth. Furthermore, GLOF hazard is likely to increase in the future in response to glacier retreat and lake development. To gain insight into the dynamics of GLOFs I create a regional-scale inventory of glacier lakes and associated hazards in the Baker Basin, a 20500 km2 glaciated basin in the Chilean Patagonia. I also simulate and reconstruct moraine- and ice- dammed lake failures in the extratropical Andes using numerical and empirical models.  More than 100 GLOFs have occurred in the extratropical Andes since the Eighteenth Century and at least 16 moraine-dammed lakes have produced GLOFs. In the extratropical Andes most of the failed moraine-dammed lakes were in contact with retreating glaciers and had moderate (> 8°) to steep (>15°) outlet slopes. Ice-dammed lakes also produced GLOFs in the extratropical Andes, damaging communities and highlighting the need for a better understanding of the GLOF dynamics and hazards. Thus, I reconstruct and model GLOFs that occurred in maritime western Patagonia (Engaño Valley) and the high-arid Andes (Manflas Valley) to characterise the GLOF dynamics in these contrasting environments.  Hydraulic modelling and geomorphologic analysis shows that the Engaño River GLOF (46º S) behaved as a Newtonian flow and incorporated tree trunks, from the gently sloping and heavily-forested valley, which increased the GLOF damaging capacity. In contrast, the Manflas GLOF (28º S) descended from a steep valley behaving as a sediment-laden flow, which was capable of moving boulder-size rocks dozens of kilometres from the GLOF source. In both events lack of awareness of the GLOF hazard and a lack of territorial planning accentuated the GLOF damage. These GLOF reconstructions highlight both the difficulties in modelling sediment-laden flows over long distances, and the utility of empirical debris-flow models for regional-scale hazard analysis.  This thesis synthesises and increases our knowledge about the distribution, frequency, magnitude and dynamics of hazardous processes that have occurred in glacier and permafrost areas in the extratropical Andes. This knowledge forms a basis for future assessments of glacier and permafrost related hazards in the Chilean and Argentinean Andes and helps inform strategies and policies to face hazardous geomorphologic and hydrological processes emerging from a rapidly evolving cryosphere.</p>

scholarly journals A regional-scale assessment of Himalayan glacial lake changes using satellite observations from 1990 to 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Nie ◽  
Yongwei Sheng ◽  
Qiao Liu ◽  
Linshan Liu ◽  
Shiyin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Glacial Lake ◽  
Scale Assessment

scholarly journals The influence of hyporheic fluxes on regional groundwater discharge zones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Babak Mojarrad ◽  
Anders Wörman ◽  
Joakim Riml ◽  
Shulan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Modeling ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Water Fluxes ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Spectral Solution ◽  
Scale Modeling ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Boreal Landscape ◽  
Regional Groundwater

Abstract. The importance of hyporheic water fluxes induced by hydromorphologic processes at the streambed scale and their consequential effects on stream ecohydrology have recently received much attention. However, the role of hyporheic water fluxes in regional groundwater discharge is still not entirely understood. Streambed-induced flows not only affect mass and heat transport in streams but are also important for the retention of solute contamination originating from deep in the subsurface, such as naturally occurring solutes as well as leakage from the future geological disposal of nuclear waste. Here, we applied a multiscale modeling approach to investigate the effect of hyporheic fluxes on regional groundwater discharge in the Krycklan catchment, located in a boreal landscape in Sweden. Regional groundwater modeling was conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics constrained by observed or modeled representations of the catchment infiltration and geological properties, reflecting heterogeneities within the subsurface domain. Furthermore, streambed-scale modeling was performed using an exact spectral solution of the hydraulic head applicable to streaming water over a fluctuating streambed topography. By comparing the flow fields of watershed-scale groundwater discharge with and without consideration of streambed-induced hyporheic flows, we found that the flow trajectories and the distribution of the travel times of groundwater were substantially influenced by the presence of hyporheic fluxes near the streambed surface. One implication of hyporheic flows is that the groundwater flow paths contract near the streambed interface, thus fragmenting the coherent areas of groundwater upwelling and resulting in narrow “pinholes” of groundwater discharge points.

Königshafen Submarine Groundwater Discharge Network (KiSNet)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Mallast ◽  
Hannelore Waska ◽  
Nils Moosdorf
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Submarine Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Flux Data ◽  
Submarine Groundwater

&lt;p&gt;Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) as a pathway for water and chemical constituents between land and ocean is a rather young topic. For a long time it has been neglected by the scientific community and coastal managers. However, it has increasingly attracted attention since the turn of the millennium. Yet, SGD is mostly investigated either by terrestrial or marine disciplines although a broader, interdisciplinary approach would benefit SGD research. Moreover, so far reported SGD flux data at local to regional scale are a) hardly comparable as, to our best knowledge, only a few, mostly isolated studies directly compared available SGD methods in a quantitative fashion and b) flux data contain large uncertainties, either because they were up-scaled from local discrete (point) measurements to regional scales or because they were derived from modelling/ budgeting of regional or even global matter fluxes despite the known high spatial and temporal variability.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In order to pave the way for a more standardized and interdisciplinary SGD research that would reduce inherited measurement/ extrapolation uncertainties, the K&amp;#246;nigshafen Submarine Groundwater Discharge Network (KiSNet)&amp;#160; seeks to contribute through three concrete aims:&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;forming an interdisciplinary group of SGD experts to initiate and intensify collaborative ties across disciplines&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;improving individual methodologies by groundtruthing through interdisciplinary intercomparison, which includes a focus on spatial and temporal variability, and&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;providing a method catalogue which outlines optimal combinations for qualitative and quantitative SGD investigations that may serve as basis for future standardized SGD research.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;The network will convene at the bay of K&amp;#246;nigshafen on Sylt, Germany, during two different points in time. Each time, all members of the network will apply qualitative (remote sensing, marine and terrestrial ground-based geophysics, biological indicators and socio-scientific methods) and quantitative (seepage meters, temperature rods, natural tracers, numerical simulation) methods from terrestrial and marine disciplines to investigate SGD synchronously and provide a robust basis to tackle above mentioned aims.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here, we will outline exact procedures, methods and anticipated results the network will produce and provide an overview on future actions the network anticipates.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Assessing data-scarce contaminated groundwater sites surrounding petrochemical industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Radelyuk ◽  
Mehran Naseri-Rad ◽  
Hossein Hashemi ◽  
Magnus Persson ◽  
Ronny Berndtsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Contamination ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Groundwater Modeling ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
General Information ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Monitoring Wells

AbstractA common problem when studying groundwater contamination in low-income countries is that data required for a detailed risk assessment are limited. This study presents a method for assessment of the potential impact of groundwater contamination by total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in a data-scarce region. Groundwater modeling, using the MODFLOW, was used to simulate regional-scale flow pattern. Then, a semi-analytical contamination transport model was calibrated by minimization of the absolute errors between measured and modeled concentrations. The method was applied to a case study in Kazakhstan to assess the potential spreading of a TPH plume, based on historical observations. The limited data included general information about the local geology, observations of GW level in the area, and concentrations during 5 years of TPH in monitoring wells surrounding the source of the pollution. The results show that the plume could spread up to 2–6 km from the source, depending on estimate of the initial concentrations, until the concentration reaches permissible levels. Sensitivity analysis identified parameters of longitudinal and transverse dynamic dispersivity together with the plume of TPH spreading, as the priority subjects for future investigations. The proposed approach can be used as a tool for governmental and municipal decision-makers to better plan the usage of affected groundwater sites in data-scarce regions. It can also help to decrease the negative impact of contaminated GW on human health and to better manage the industrial pollution.

scholarly journals Latvijas hidroģeoloģiskā modeļa LAMO izveidošana, izmantošana un pilnveidošana

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Aivars Spalviņš ◽  
Kaspars Krauklis ◽  
Oļģerts Aleksāns ◽  
Inta Lāce
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
European Regional Development Fund ◽  
Model Set ◽  
Near Future ◽  
European Regional

Pasaules un Eiropas Savienības valstīs reģionāli hidroģeoloģiskie modeļi (HM) apkopo ģeoloģisko un ģeogrāfisko informāciju, kuru izmantojot, var aprēķināt sarežģītus telpiskus pazemes ūdens līmeņu un plūsmu sadalījumus, kā arī pazemes un virszemes (upju, ezeru) ūdensobjektu mijiedarbību. Izmantojot reģionālos HM, var racionāli plānot valsts ūdens resursu ilgtspējīgu izmantošanu. Izmantojot lokālus detalizētus HM, kurus iegūst, papildinot reģionālā HM datus, var efektīvi veikt vides un dabas aizsardzības un atveseļošanas darbus. Rīgas Tehniskās universitātes (RTU) Vides modelēšanas centra (VMC) zinātnieki 2011.–2015. gadā izveidoja Latvijas HM (LAMO) versijas: LAMO1→LAMO2→LAMO3→LAMO4. Versija LAMO4, kas dod nozīmīgus HM iespēju un rezultātu kvalitātes uzlabojumus, tika pārbaudīta laikā no 2016. gada līdz 2018. gadam, īstenojot pazemes ūdens procesu pētījumus (kas iespējami tikai reģionālā HM vidē) un risinot praktiskus uzdevumus, izmantojot lokālus HM. LAMO4 dati, kas veido ģeotelpiskās informācijas kopu,  ir brīvi pieejami RTU VMC tīmekļa vietnē. Šie unikālie dati jāievieto portāla “geolatvija.lv” iedaļā “Hidroģeoloģiskie dati” kā valsts budžeta finansēts bezmaksas pakalpojums. Izmantojot LAMO4 aprēķinātos datus par upju pazemes pietecēm, var izveidot Latvijas upju tīkla datormodeli upju piesārņošanas procesu pētīšanai. Ir iespējama LAMO4 pilnveidošana – LAMO4→LAMO5→LAMO6 –, kas ietver HM detalizācijas uzlabošanu un pazemes ūdens kvalitātes ievērošanu. RTU ir īstenojusi LAMO projektu, izmantojot Eiropas Reģionālā attīstības fonda (2011.–2012. g.) un valsts pētījumu programmas “EVIDEnT” (2014.–2018. g.) finansējumu.  Regional hydrogeological models (HM) are founded on geological and geographical information of a country. By processing this information, HM can provide complex spatial distributions of groundwater heads and flows, data on groundwater discharge into rivers and lakes as their joining with groundwater bodies. Appliance of the regional HM considerably improves the quality of the country’s sustainable water management, because HM provides consolidated knowledge on the interaction between surface water and groundwater and on their accessible resources. For solving practical problems of environmental protection and recovery, local HM are applied. They are created by completing the data of regional HM by more detailed information. In 2011–2015, scientists of Environment Modelling Centre (EMC) of Riga Technical University (RTU) developed four successive versions of the regional HM of Latvia: LAMO1→LAMO2→LAMO3→LAMO4. The current version LAMO4 has been tested and approbated in 2016–2018, by carrying out the research on nature processes on regional scale and also by using local HM. Presently, the information regarding the development and appliance of LAMO4 is available at the RTU EMC web site. In the near future, this information, as the set of geospatial data, will be inserted in the section “Hydrogeological data” of the portal “geolatvija.lv”. By using information provided by LAMO4 on the groundwater discharge in rivers, it will be possible to develop a computer model for the research of pollution processes in the river network of Latvia. In the future, the development of LAMO4→LAMO5→LAMO6 will considerably improve the credibility and quality of the data provided by modelling. For the next version LAMO5, the model set of lakes and rivers will be increased and the plane approximation step of 125 meters will be used (LAMO4 has the step of 250 meters). The version LAMO6 is the expansion of LAMO5 by adding information on groundwater quality and by providing advanced open data options. The research on LAMO development was supported by the European Regional Development Fund (2011–2012) and by the Latvian State Research Program “EVIDEnT” (2014–2018).

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