scholarly journals Long‐term hydrological, biogeochemical, and climatological data from Walker Branch Watershed, east Tennessee, USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie A. Griffiths ◽  
Patrick J. Mulholland
Keyword(s):  
Climatological Data ◽  
East Tennessee ◽  
Walker Branch Watershed

scholarly journals National Climate Observing System of Switzerland (GCOS Switzerland)

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Seiz ◽  
N. Foppa
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Climatological Data ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The North ◽  
International Data

Abstract. In recent decades, the global observation of climate and climate change has become increasingly important. The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) established in 1992 addresses the entire climate system including physical, chemical and biological properties of atmosphere, ocean and land surface. This paper describes the GCOS implementation in Switzerland and highlights some major achievements over the last few years. The Swiss GCOS Office was established at the Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss in February 2006, to coordinate all climate-relevant measurements in Switzerland. The first-ever inventory of the country's long-term climatological data series and international data centres, including an assessment of their future prospects, was compiled in 2007. The National Climate Observing System of Switzerland (GCOS Switzerland) includes long-term climatological data series in the atmosphere and terrestrial domains, international data and calibration centres, satellite-based products and support of climate observations in developing countries. A major milestone in the surface-based atmospheric observations was the definition of the Swiss National Basic Climatological Network (NBCN), consisting of 29 stations of greatest climatological importance. The NBCN was further densified for precipitation with 46 additional daily precipitation stations (NBCN-P). Analysis of the homogenized timeseries of the average temperature in Switzerland shows a total warming of +1.6 °C from 1864 to 2010. In the terrestrial domain, substantial advances were made in all three subdomains hydrosphere, cryosphere and biosphere. As example for the use of satellite data within GCOS Switzerland, the 10-yr MODIS monthly mean cloud fraction climatology over Switzerland from March 2000 to February 2010 is presented, which illustrates the differences in cloud cover between mountainous regions and flatland regions in winter, as well as the north-south gradient in cloud cover over Switzerland in summer.

scholarly journals Are EARLINET and AERONET climatologies consistent? The case of Thessaloniki, Greece

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 11885-11903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Siomos ◽  
Dimitris S. Balis ◽  
Kalliopi A. Voudouri ◽  
Eleni Giannakaki ◽  
Maria Filioglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Free Troposphere ◽  
Climatological Data ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Passive Remote Sensing ◽  
Dust Component ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Sampling Schedule

Abstract. In this study we investigate the climatological behavior of the aerosol optical properties over Thessaloniki during the years 2003–2017. For this purpose, measurements of two independent instruments, a lidar and a sunphotometer, were used. These two instruments represent two individual networks, the European Lidar Aerosol Network (EARLINET) and the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). They include different measurement schedules. Fourteen years of lidar and sunphotometer measurements were analyzed, independently of each other, in order to obtain the annual cycles and trends of various optical and geometrical aerosol properties in the boundary layer, in the free troposphere, and for the whole atmospheric column. The analysis resulted in consistent statistically significant and decreasing trends of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 355 nm of −23.2 and −22.3 % per decade in the study period over Thessaloniki for the EARLINET and the AERONET datasets, respectively. Therefore, the analysis indicates that the EARLINET sampling schedule can be quite effective in producing data that can be applied to long-term climatological studies. It is also shown that the observed decreasing trend is mainly attributed to changes in the aerosol load inside the boundary layer. Seasonal profiles of the most dominant aerosol mixture types observed over Thessaloniki have been generated from the lidar data. The higher values of the vertically resolved extinction coefficient at 355 nm appear in summer, while the lower ones appear in winter. The dust component is more dominant in the free troposphere than in the boundary layer during summer. The biomass burning layers tend to arrive in the free troposphere during spring and summer. This kind of information can be quite useful for applications that require a priori aerosol profiles. For instance, they can be utilized in models that require aerosol climatological data as input, in the development of algorithms for satellite products, and also in passive remote-sensing techniques that require knowledge of the aerosol vertical distribution.

scholarly journals Herbaria as Functional Trait Databases

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e25766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofie Meeus
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Climatological Data ◽  
The Impact

Although tropical rainforests play an important role in regulating the world’s climate, they are at the same time particularly vulnerable to changes in the climate. Intense and prolonged droughts, for instance, can lead to biomass loss which will further accelerate these changes. Especially for tree species it becomes problematic, due to their long lifespan, to quickly adapt to or evade unfavorable climatic conditions affecting the composition of the forest community as a whole and consequently the ecosystem services that the rainforests provide. A long-term drying trend currently threatens tropical regions worldwide but is especially strong in the central African rainforest, the second-largest rainforest on Earth. The impact of this decrease in precipitation on the vegetation is, however, still largely unknown due to the limited amount of historical eco-climatological data. Fortunately, these kind of data do exist albeit in a poorly accessible (analog) format in herbarium collections. To investigate if trees show changes in morphology and/or physiology invoked by climatic changes in the last century, the COBECORE team (Congo Basin Eco-Climatological Data Recovery and Valorization”) is exploring the usability of herbaria as potential sources of plant leaf functional trait data using established protocols adjusted to dried leaf material. Photosynthesis as well as gas exchange and transpiration are processes regulated by a plant’s leaves, and depend on the specific leaf area (SLA) and the number and size of the stomata. The less area the latter structures occupy on the leaf the less the plant will suffer from water losses which increases the resistance to drought of plants. We explored the recently digitized African Herbarium of the Botanic Garden Meise which contains over 1.2 million African specimens with a very good coverage of the Congo Basin, dating back to 1880. Currently, we obtained average SLA measurements for 833 herbarium specimens from 59 of the most common tree species of central African rainforests. Pictures for stomata counts and size measurements were taken from over one hundred specimens mainly focused on three Prioria species, giant tree species (up to 60 metres) currently suffering from overexploitation. The data generated in this project will be valuable to understand some lower-level vegetation responses such as plant water use needed to model and predict long-term climate change impacts on vegetation.

scholarly journals Modeling of Equivalent Effective Temperature and its possible incidence on larval density of Anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Villa Clara province, Cuba

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rigoberto Fimia Duarte ◽  
Pedro María Alarcón-Elbal ◽  
Ricardo Osés Rodríguez ◽  
George Argota Pérez ◽  
José Iannacone Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Climatological Data ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Anopheles Mosquitoes ◽  
Aggregate Function ◽  
Term Forecast ◽  
Entomological Data

The wind chill or Equivalent Effective Temperature (EET) is the thermic sensation that a person feels when being exposed to a certain combination of temperature from the air, relative humidity and wind velocity. The objective of this investigation was directed to determine the possible incidence of the EET upon the larval density of Anopheles mosquitoes in Villa Clara province, Cuba. The Climatological data were compiled from the Yabú station in Santa Clara, and a total of 5 370 measurements were included in a database every three hours, using the aggregate function of the Statistical Package of Social Science software version 13 (SPSS), from January 1st, 2011 to September 30th, 2013. A long term forecast (1 year of advance) was made to obtain EET and the Anopheles larval density in the locality of Santo Domingo was modelled. These entomological data were taken at the same time but monthly, so the EET data were converted to monthly scale to be correlated with the monthly data of the larval density. The result was a 97.1 % of variance with a standard error (SE) of 3.57 °C for the model of the EET with a year of anticipation; therefore, the tendency in time was significant. The modeling also included the Anopheles larval density of mosquitoes in Santo Domingo, Villa Clara province, observing an increase of the EET, while the Anopheles mosquito larvae also increased. The most important variables in the model were the EET that were back in 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 16, 24, 40 for the previous year; that is to say 2 920, 2 921, and so on, which explained a strong contagion among the data. EET correlation compared with itself in previous year was high; therefore, it may be used as a predictable variable. The anophelinic density in Santo Domingo explained the 66 % of the variance, with a SE of 0.66 larvae.m-2. The tendency of the Anopheles larval density was to diminish. In conclusion, EET has an important impact in larval density of Anopheles with EET increase associated with larval density increase. 

the La Porte weather anomaly—fact or fiction?

1968 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley A. Changnon
Keyword(s):  
Steel Production ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Convective Precipitation ◽  
Climatological Data ◽  
Observer Error ◽  
Chicago Area ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Careful Assessment

A notable increase in precipitation, moderate rain days, thunderstorm days, and hail days has been occurring since 1925 at La Porte, Ind. Since La Porte is 30 miles east of the large complex of heavy industries at Chicago, there is a strong suggestion that the increases in precipitation conditions are due to inadvertent man-made modification. If these increases are real, they serve as a good measure of the increase in convective precipitation that man could attain, at the same time pinpointing an excellent site for future meteorological studies of the exact causes of the increases. If the increases are fictional and result from exposure changes and observer error, they serve as an indication of the sizeable errors that may exist in some of our long-term climatological records. The increase at La Porte is sizeable: during the 1951–1965 period La Porte had 31% more precipitation, 38% more thunderstorms, and 246% more hail days than did surrounding stations. Since 1925 the year-to-year fluctuations in the annual and warm season precipitation at La Porte show agreement with the temporal distribution of steel production in the Chicago area. After a careful assessment of all available climatological data, it was concluded that these sizeable increases were real and not fictional.

The Quality Control of Long-Term Climatological Data Using Objective Data Analysis

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2787-2795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon K. Eischeid ◽  
C. Bruce Baker ◽  
Thomas R. Karl ◽  
Henry F. Diaz
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Climatological Data
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