Soil sealing and soil water content under no‐tillage and conventional tillage in irrigated corn: Effects on grain yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (15) ◽  
pp. 2095-2109 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Concepción Ramos ◽  
Evangelina Pareja‐Sánchez ◽  
Daniel Plaza‐Bonilla ◽  
Carlos Cantero‐Martínez ◽  
Jorge Lampurlanés
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Sealing

Response of wheat to single short-term waterlogging during and after stem elongation

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
WS Meyer ◽  
HD Barrs
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Short Term

Transient waterlogging associated with spring irrigations on slowly draining soils causes yield reduction in irrigated wheat. Physiological responses to short-term flooding are not well understood. The aim of this experiment was to monitor above- and below-ground responses of wheat to single waterlogging events during and after stem elongation and to assess the sensitivity of the crop at these growth stages to flooding. Wheat (cv. Bindawarra) was grown in drainage lysimeters of undisturbed cores of Marah clay loam soil. A control treatment (F0) was well-watered throughout the season without surface flooding, while three others were flooded for 96 h at stem elongation (Fl), flag leaf emergence (F2) and anthesis (F3), respectively. Soil water content, soil O2, root length density, leaf and stem growth, apparent photosynthesis (APS), plant nutrient status and grain yield were measured. Soil water content increased and soil O2 levels decreased following flooding; the rate of soil O2 depletion increasing with crop age and root length. Leaf and stem growth and APS increased immediately following flooding, the magnitude of the increases was in the order F1 >F2>F3. A similar order existed in the effect of flooding which decreased the number of roots. Subsequently, leaf and stem growth decreased below that of F0 plants in F1, and briefly in F2. Decreases in APS of treated plants compared to F0 plants appeared to be due to their greater sensitivity to soil water deficit. There was no effect of flooding on grain yield. It is suggested that, while plant sensitivity to flooding decreased with age, flooding at stem elongation had no lasting detrimental effect on yield when post-flood watering was well controlled.

Net positive soil water content following cover crops with no tillage in irrigated semi-arid cotton production

2021 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 104869
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Burke ◽  
Katie L. Lewis ◽  
Glen L. Ritchie ◽  
Paul B. DeLaune ◽  
J. Wayne Keeling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Semi Arid

Use of the APSIM wheat model to predict yield, drainage, and NO3- leaching for a deep sand

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Asseng ◽  
G. C. Anderson ◽  
F. X. Dunin ◽  
I. R. P. Fillery ◽  
P. J. Dolling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Soil Inorganic N ◽  
Initial Soil

High rates of drainage and leaching of nitrates in deep sands in Western Australia are contributing to groundwater recharge and soil acidification in this region. Strategies are being soughtto increase water and nitrogen (N) use in the legume-based cropping systems. Choice of appropriate management strategies is complicated by the diversity of soil types, the range of crops, and the inherent season to season variability. Simulation models provide the means to extrapolate beyond the bounds of experimental data if accurate predictions of key processes can be demonstrated. This paper evaluates the accuracy of predictions of soil water content, evapotranspiration, drainage, inorganic N content insoil, nitrate (NO-3) leaching, wheat growth, N uptake, and grain yields obtained from the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) model when this was initialised with appropriate information on soil properties and wheat varieties commonly grown on deep sands in the 500 mm rainfall zone west of Moora in Western Australia. The model was found to give good predictions of soil water content,evapotranspiration, deep drainage, and overall NO-3 leaching. Temporal changes in inorganic N insoil were simulated, although the small concentrations in soil inorganic N precluded close matching of paired observed and predicted values. Crop growth and N uptake were closely predicted up to anthesis, but a poor fit between observed and predicted crop growth and N uptake was noted postanthesis. Reasons for the discrepancies between modelled and observed values are outlined. The model was run with historical weather data (81 years) and different initial soil water and inorganic soil N profiles to assess the probability of drainage and NO-3 leaching, and the grain yield potentials for wheat grown on deep sands in the region west of Moora. Simulation showed that thesoil water and the soil inorganic N content at the beginning of each season had no effect on grain yield, implying that pre-seed soil NO-3 was largely lost from the soil by leaching. There was a 50% probability that 141 mm of winter rainfall could drain below 1·5 m and a 50% probability that 53 kgN/ha could be leached under wheat following a lupin crop, where initial soil water contents andsoil NO-3 contents used in the model were those measured in a deep sand after late March rainfall. Simulated application of N fertiliser at sowing increased both grain yield and NO-3 leaching. Splitting the N application between the time of sowing and 40 days after sowing decreased NO-3 leaching,increased N uptake by wheat, and increased grain yield, findings which are consistent with agronomic practice. The high drainage and leaching potential of these soils were identified as the main reasons why predicted yields did not approach the French and Schultz potential yield estimates based on 20 kg grain yield per mm of rainfall. When the available water was reduced by simulated drainage, simulated grain yields for the fertilised treatments approached the potential yield line.

Spatiotemporal variability of soil penetration resistance in a field cultivated with sugarcane under conventional tillage system in northeast Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brivaldo Gomes de Almeida ◽  
Ceres Duarte Guedes Cabral de Almeida ◽  
Thaís Fernandes de Assunção ◽  
Bruno Campos Mantovanelli ◽  
José Coelho de Araújo Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Soil Penetration Resistance ◽  
Tillage System

<p>Soil management, although intended to create favorable structural conditions for crop growth and development, without prior assessment of potential and limitations, has been one of the reasons for the degradation of natural resources. The effects on soil degradation and respective structural quality are generally evaluated by some physical soil attributes such as bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP) and soil penetration resistance (PR). The PR is recognized as a physical parameter that supports the identification of areas with different stages of compaction and thus can be used to define appropriate management for soil remediation. Besides, this parameter depends on intrinsic soil factors (texture, structure, and mineralogy) and soil water content (SWC). Therefore, PR increases with BD and decreases with SWC (gravimetric or volumetric). Thus, it is possible to establish the critical limit of PR (PR<sub>CL</sub>) associated with the value of SWC that limits the growth of plant roots. PR<sub>CL</sub> varies according to soil type and plant species, but 2.0 MPa is the value scientifically accepted as the critical value to limit the root growth. Thus, the paper aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of PR in a field cultivated with sugarcane, under the conventional tillage system. The research was carried out in the Carpina Sugarcane Experimental Station, Pernambuco, Brazil. A grid of 70 x 70 m was delineated at intervals of 10 m and in each point soil samples were collected in the layers 0 - 0.30 m and 0.30 - 0.60 m depth. Three samplings were done to determine gravimetric soil water content; the first after six months of subsoiling (Time 6) before harrowing and planting, the second after 12 months of subsoiling (Time 12, six months after harrowing and planting) and the last after 18 months of subsoiling, before harvesting (Time 18). In each sampling time, in situ PR tests were carried out with the Solo Track equipment (Falker® - Model PLG 5300) and the simultaneous values of gravimetric soil water content were determined and associated with the PR data. The results showed that soil water content had a weak degree of spatial dependence, indicating the need to increase the number of samples. On the other hand, the PR values showed that the subsoiling did not promote a positive effect on the soil physical quality, with values above the PR<sub>CL</sub> for root development in Time 6 (2.42 MPa), even if after one year the sugarcane root system acted positively, by reducing PR in Time 18 (1.04 MPa) below the critical value.</p>

scholarly journals Energy demand of a mechanized unit for the implementation of common bean crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Wilson de A. Orlando Junior ◽  
Haroldo C. Fernandes ◽  
Paulo R. Forastiere ◽  
Tiago M. Guazzelli ◽  
Guilherme de M. Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Placement Depth ◽  
Soil Fertilizer

ABSTRACT Adequate soil managements and use of agricultural machinery are essential for the economic viability of these practices and for the environmental preservation. In this context, sowing and fertilizer application practices are the most important activities, since they affect crop development and present high energy demand. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the energy demand of a tractor-planter-fertilizer unit for the sowing of common bean seeds in no-tillage system as a function of three soil water contents (28.7, 36.4, and 47.6%) and three soil fertilizer placement depths (0.06; 0.11 and 0.15 m). The final common bean grain yield was also evaluated. The lowest energy demand was found for the highest soil water content combined with the lowest soil fertilizer placement depth. The highest common bean grain yield was found for plants under soil water content of 36.4% and fertilizer placement depth of 0.11 m, reaching 4,186 kg ha-1.

scholarly journals Evaluating APSIM-and-DSSAT-CERES-Maize Models under Rainfed Conditions Using Zambian Rainfed Maize Cultivars

Nitrogen ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-414
Author(s):  
Charles B. Chisanga ◽  
Elijah Phiri ◽  
Vernon R. N. Chinene
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Maize Cultivars

Crop model calibration and validation is vital for establishing their credibility and ability in simulating crop growth and yield. A split–split plot design field experiment was carried out with sowing dates (SD1, SD2 and SD3); maize cultivars (ZMS606, PHB30G19 and PHB30B50) and nitrogen fertilizer rates (N1, N2 and N3) as the main plot, subplot and sub-subplot with three replicates, respectively. The experiment was carried out at Mount Makulu Central Research Station, Chilanga, Zambia in the 2016/2017 season. The study objective was to calibrate and validate APSIM-Maize and DSSAT-CERES-Maize models in simulating phenology, mLAI, soil water content, aboveground biomass and grain yield under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Days after planting to anthesis (APSIM-Maize, anthesis (DAP) RMSE = 1.91 days; DSSAT-CERES-Maize, anthesis (DAP) RMSE = 2.89 days) and maturity (APSIM-Maize, maturity (DAP) RMSE = 3.35 days; DSSAT-CERES-Maize, maturity (DAP) RMSE = 3.13 days) were adequately simulated, with RMSEn being <5%. The grain yield RMSE was 1.38 t ha−1 (APSIM-Maize) and 0.84 t ha−1 (DSSAT-CERES-Maize). The APSIM- and-DSSAT-CERES-Maize models accurately simulated the grain yield, grain number m−2, soil water content (soil layers 1–8, RMSEn ≤ 20%), biomass and grain yield, with RMSEn ≤ 30% under rainfed condition. Model validation showed acceptable performances under the irrigated condition. The models can be used in identifying management options provided climate and soil physiochemical properties are available.

scholarly journals No Tillage With Plastic Re-mulching Maintains High Maize Productivity via Regulating Hydrothermal Effects in an Arid Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Yin ◽  
Qiang Chai ◽  
Yao Guo ◽  
Hong Fan ◽  
Zhilong Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Early Filling

Plastic is a valuable mulching measure for increasing crop productivity in arid environments; however, little is known about the main mechanism by which this valuable technology actuates spatial–temporal changes in soil hydrothermal effect. So a 3-year field experiment was conducted to optimize soil hydrothermal effect of maize field with three plastic mulched management treatments: (1) no tillage with plastic re-mulching (NM), (2) reduced tillage with plastic mulching (RM), and (3) conventional tillage with annual new plastic mulching (CM). The results showed that NM treatment increased soil water content by 6.6–8.4% from maize sowing to seedling stage, than did CM, and it created a good soil moisture environment for sowing of maize. Also, NM had greater soil water content by 4.8–5.6% from maize silking to early-filling stage than had CM, and it made up for the abundant demand of soil moisture for the vigorous growth of maize filling stage. The NM treatment increased water consumption (WC) before maize big-flare stage, decreased WC from big-flare to early-filling stage, and increased WC after early-filling stage. So NM treatment effectively coordinated water demand contradiction of maize at entire growing season. NM decreased soil accumulated temperature (SAT) by 7.0–13.0% at maize sowing to early-filling stage than did CM, but NM had little influence on the SAT during filling stage. In particular, the treatment on NM had smaller absolute values of air–soil temperature differences than RM and CM treatments during maize filling stage, indicating that NM treatment maintains the relative stability of soil temperature for ensuring grain filling of maize. The NM treatment allowed the maize to grow in a suitable hydrothermal status and still maintained high yield. In addition, NM treatment obtained higher net income and rate of return by 6.4–11.0% and 44.1–54.5%, respectively, than did CM, because NM treatment mainly decreased the input costs for plastic and machine operations. Therefore, the NM treatment can be recommended as a promising technique to overcome simultaneous heat stress and water shortage in arid environments.

Evaluation of the AquaCrop model for simulating yield response of winter wheat to water on the southern Loess Plateau of China

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanhong Zhang ◽  
Wenzhao Liu ◽  
Qingwu Xue ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Xiaoyang Han
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Aquacrop Model ◽  
Rainfed Conditions

The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the FAO-AquaCrop model in winter wheat in the southern Loess Plateau of China. Multi-year field experimental data from 2004 and 2011 were used to calibrate and validate the model for simulating biomass, canopy cover (CC), soil water content, and grain yield under rainfed conditions. The model performance was evaluated using root mean square error (RMSE) and Willmott index of agreement (d) as criteria. The RMSE ranged from 0.16 to 0.38 t/ha for simulating aboveground biomass, 1.87 to 4.15% for CC, 0.50 to 1.44 t/ha for grain yield, and 5.70 to 22.56 mm for soil water content. The d ranged from 0.22 to 0.89, 0.25 to 0.43, 0.36 to 0.62 and 0.95 to 0.98 for aboveground biomass, CC, soil water content and grain yield, respectively. Generally, the model performed better for simulating CC and yield than biomass and soil water content. The results further indicated that AquaCrop is capable of simulating winter wheat yield under rainfed conditions. Further improvement may be needed to capture the variation of different management practices such as fertility and irrigation levels in this region.

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