Rainfall partitioning through a mixed cedar swamp and associated C and N fluxes in Southern Ontario, Canada

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1510-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim P. Duval
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ontario ◽  
N Fluxes ◽  
C And N ◽  
Cedar Swamp

scholarly journals Aeolian nutrient fluxes following wildfire in sagebrush steppe: implications for soil carbon storage

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 8323-8349 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Hasselquist ◽  
M. J. Germino ◽  
J. B. Sankey ◽  
L. J. Ingram ◽  
N. F. Glenn
Keyword(s):  
Biogeochemical Cycling ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Sagebrush Steppe ◽  
Nutrient Fluxes ◽  
Aeolian Transport ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
N Fluxes ◽  
C And N ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Pulses of aeolian transport following fire can profoundly affect the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients in semi-arid and arid ecosystems. Our objective was to determine horizontal nutrient fluxes during an episodic pulse of aeolian transport that occurred following a wildfire in a semi-arid sagebrush steppe ecosystem in southern Idaho, USA. We also examined how temporal trends in nutrient fluxes were affected by changes in particle sizes of eroded mass as well as nutrient concentrations associated with different particle size classes. In the burned area, total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes were as high as 235 g C m−1 d−1 and 19 g N m−1 d−1 during the first few months following fire, whereas C and N fluxes were negligible in an adjacent unburned area throughout the study. Temporal variation in C and N fluxes following fire was largely attributable to the redistribution of saltation-sized particles. Total N and organic C concentrations in the soil surface were significantly lower in the burned relative to the unburned area one year after fire. Our results show how an episodic pulse of aeolian transport following fire can affect the spatial distribution of soil C and N, which, in turn, can have important implications for soil C storage. These findings demonstrate how an ecological disturbance can exacerbate a geomorphic process and highlight the need for further research to better understand the role aeolian transport plays in the biogeochemical cycling of C and N in recently burned landscapes.

scholarly journals Hemiparasitic interaction between Castilleja tenuiflora (Orobanchaceae) and Baccharis conferta (Asteraceae): haustorium anatomy and C- and N-fluxes

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Edith Montes-Hernández ◽  
Estela Sandoval-Zapotitla ◽  
Kalina Bermúdez-Torres ◽  
José Luis Trejo-Espino ◽  
Gabriela Trejo-Tapia
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Characteristic Structure ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Hemiparasitic Plants ◽  
N Fluxes ◽  
C And N ◽  
Histochemical Characterization

<p><strong>Background:</strong><em> Castilleja tenuiflora</em> is a hemiparasite of <em>Baccharis conferta</em>. The haustorium is the characteristic structure of hemiparasitic plants and its anatomy varies depending several factors such as host species, position on the root and environment.</p><p><strong>Question: </strong>What is the structure and anatomy of haustoria builded in field interaction? Based on C, N and chlorophyll contents, is <em>C. tenuiflora</em> a facultative hemiparasite of <em>B. conferta</em>?<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Species studied: </strong><em>Castilleja tenuiflora</em> Benth. and <em>Baccharis conferta</em> Kunth.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Study site and dates:</strong> Plant materials were collected in the Iztaccihuatl-Popocatepetl National Park (N 19° 0.5´ 9.6'', W 98° 40´ 24.2'', 3,480 m.a.s.l.), State of Mexico, Mexico, in December 2013.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: Individuals of <em>B. conferta</em> and <em>C. tenuiflora </em>growing independently or in hemiparasite interactions were collected and samples were processed for anatomical and histochemical characterization, determination of C, N and chlorophyll.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong><em> </em>Haustoria were globular and located mainly in the lateral roots of <em>B. conferta</em>. Anatomy of haustorium shows the characteristic structures: exophyte and endophyte. Haustorial tissues storage starch, tannins and essential oils while in the <em>B. conferta</em> roots also calcium oxalate crystals were found. C levels were significantly influenced by hemiparasitic interaction. This is the first study that characterizes a hemiparasitic interaction in the field and specifically between <em>C. tenuiflora</em> and <em>B. conferta</em>.</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong><em> </em>Haustoria builded in interaction with <em>B. conferta</em> show the characteristic structure and anatomy. Hemiparasitic relationship represents for <em>C. tenuiflora</em> a source of C and other compounds such as essential oils.

scholarly journals Variability in runoff fluxes of dissolved and particulate carbon and nitrogen from two watersheds of different tree species during intense storm events

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 5421-5432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi-Hee Lee ◽  
Jean-Lionel Payeur-Poirier ◽  
Ji-Hyung Park ◽  
Egbert Matzner
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Specific Flow ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Intense Storm ◽  
N Fluxes ◽  
C And N

Abstract. Heavy storm events may increase the amount of organic matter in runoff from forested watersheds as well as the relation of dissolved to particulate organic matter. This study evaluated the effects of monsoon storm events on the runoff fluxes and on the composition of dissolved (< 0.45 µm) and particulate (0.7 µm to 1 mm) organic carbon and nitrogen (DOC, DON, POC, PON) in a mixed coniferous/deciduous (mixed watershed) and a deciduous forested watershed (deciduous watershed) in South Korea. During storm events, DOC concentrations in runoff increased with discharge, while DON concentrations remained almost constant. DOC, DON and NO3–N fluxes in runoff increased linearly with discharge pointing to changing flow paths from deeper to upper soil layers at high discharge, whereas nonlinear responses of POC and PON fluxes were observed likely due to the origin of particulate matter from the erosion of mineral soil along the stream benches. The integrated C and N fluxes in runoff over the 2-month study period were in the order of DOC > POC and NO3–N > DON > PON. The integrated DOC fluxes in runoff during the study period were much larger at the deciduous watershed (16 kg C ha−1) than at the mixed watershed (7 kg C ha−1), while the integrated NO3–N fluxes were higher at the mixed watershed (5.2 kg N ha−1) than at the deciduous watershed (2.9 kg N ha−1). The latter suggests a larger N uptake by deciduous trees. Integrated fluxes of POC and PON were similar at both watersheds. The composition of organic matter in soils and runoff indicates that the contribution of near-surface flow to runoff was larger at the deciduous than at the mixed watershed. Our results demonstrate different responses of particulate and dissolved C and N in runoff to storm events as a combined effect of tree species composition and watershed specific flow paths.

C and N fluxes of decomposing 13C and 15N Brassica napus L.: effects of residue composition and N content

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1717-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Trinsoutrot ◽  
S Recous ◽  
B Mary ◽  
B Nicolardot
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
N Content ◽  
N Fluxes ◽  
C And N ◽  
Residue Composition

scholarly journals Review and analysis of strengths and weaknesses of agro-ecosystem models for simulating C and N fluxes

2017 ◽  
Vol 598 ◽  
pp. 445-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Brilli ◽  
Luca Bechini ◽  
Marco Bindi ◽  
Marco Carozzi ◽  
Daniele Cavalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
N Fluxes ◽  
C And N

The influence of season, agricultural management, and soil properties on gross nitrogen transformations and bacterial community structure

Soil Research ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Cookson ◽  
P. Marschner ◽  
I. M. Clark ◽  
N. Milton ◽  
M. N. Smirk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Organic N ◽  
N Fluxes ◽  
C And N ◽  
C And N Pools ◽  
Semi Arid

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of season, farm management (organic, biodynamic, integrated, and conventional), and soil chemical, physical, and biological properties on gross nitrogen (N) fluxes and bacterial community structure in the semi-arid region of Western Australia. Moisture availability was the dominant factor mediating microbial activity and carbon (C) and N cycling under this climate. In general, microbial biomass N, dissolved organic N, and potentially mineralisable N were greater in organic and biodynamic than integrated and conventional soil. Our results indicate that greater silt and clay content in organic and biodynamic soil may also partly explain these differences in soil N pools, rather than management alone. Although plant-available N (NH4+ + NO3–) was greater in conventional soil, this was largely the result of higher NO3– production. Multiple linear modelling indicated that soil temperature, moisture, soil textural classes, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and C and N pools were important in predicting gross N fluxes. Redundancy analysis revealed that bacterial community structure, assessed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA, was correlated with C and N pools and fluxes, confirming links between bacterial structure and function. Bacterial community structure was also correlated with soil textural classes and soil temperature but not soil moisture. These results indicate that across this semi-arid landscape, soil bacterial communities are relatively resistant to water stress.

Impact of a pine lappet (Dendrolimus pini) mass outbreak on C and N fluxes to the forest floor and soil microbial properties in a Scots pine forest in Germany

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1829-1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne le Mellec ◽  
Beate Michalzik
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Herbivorous Insect ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Microbial Properties ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
N Fluxes ◽  
C And N ◽  
Soil Microbial Properties

Herbivorous insect infestations significantly alter element and nutrient cycling in forests, thus directly and indirectly affecting ecosystem functioning. In this paper, we report on the herbivore-mediated transfer of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from the canopy to the forest floor and its influence on soil microbial activity during a pine lappet ( Dendrolimus pini L.) infestation. Over the course of 6 months, we followed C and N fluxes in bulk deposition, throughfall, and green fall (green needle debris dropped during herbivory) together with solid frass (insect faeces) in an 80-year-old Scots pine ( Pinus silvestris L.) forest. Compared with the control, herbivore defoliation significantly doubled throughfall inputs of total and dissolved organic C and N over the study period. Frass plus green-fall C and N fluxes peaked in June–July at 110 kg C·ha–1 and 2.3 kg N·ha–1, respectively. Randomized intervention analysis revealed no significant effects of herbivory on soil microbial properties, except for adenylate energy charge, which showed slightly higher values under herbivory. This study demonstrates the importance of canopy herbivory on overall C and N inputs to forest ecosystems, particularly in altering the timing and quality of the organic material reaching the forest floor and potentially affecting belowground processes.

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