scholarly journals Explicit consideration of preferential groundwater discharges as surface water ecosystem control points

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (15) ◽  
pp. 2435-2440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A. Briggs ◽  
Danielle K. Hare
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
Ecosystem Control

scholarly journals Surface water quality assessment using hybrid multivariate statistical analysis and geographic information system based on integrated water quality index model for Maozhou River Basin, Guangdong, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Lin ◽  
Huiqing Yu ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Lin Hu ◽  
Jing Yin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Evaluation ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Index Model ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
Water Quality Status

Abstract The river is a vital component of the water ecosystem in both urban and rural regions. However, its rapidly increasing pollutants are posing a severe threat for water ecosystem security. Using Multivariate statistical technique and Integrated water quality index model (IWQI) to evaluate surface water quality and its spatial distribution based on Geographic information system (GIS). This combinatorial model have been proved to be a feasible tool for evaluating surface water quality at large-scale basin. This study analyzed the spatio-temporal variations of surface water quality, which were determined monthly from samples collected in the Maozhou River Basin Guangdong Province, China from 2018 to 2020. The results demonstrated that the surface water quality status of in the Maozhou River Basin has been steadily improved during the study period. The surface water quality of 82.17% of monitoring site reached the water quality target of function zones (surface water quality of the class V standards), with the IWQI values ranging from 12.118 to 3.650. By the end of 2019, black-odorous water in Maozhou River basin has disappeared from our sight. By 2020, the water quality status of the Maozhou River Basin has been steadily maintained at “Medium and good” level, and the main background pollutants for the water quality target of function zones is NH3-N. However, the some area in which the surface water quality still need to further improve is estuary and southwest tributary in the basin. This finding calls for further efforts to improve surface water quality and to properly deal with various sources of pollution in the watershed. It is concluded that this combined surface water quality evaluation model is more efficient and reasonable for surface water quality evaluation at a larger scale. It can provide scientific foundation for the water ecosystem management and planning in efficiently managing and evaluating surface water quality at river or basin scales.

scholarly journals Monitoring of surface water and bottom sediments at the area of the gas transportation objects in the cryolithozone

2018 ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Ganova ◽  
O. V. Skopintseva
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Low Levels

This paper presents a program of observation of the surface water and bottom sediments. In accordance with existing regulatory requirements, these elements are directly connected, which allows determination of the water loss and the level of geochemical contamination of rivers and large lakes due to dissolution, migration and accumulation of chemicals in the proper water intake areas, in background and in control points of water bodies. Since monitoring of the surface waters and of the bottom sediments is a part of the complex geoecological monitoring, it is necessary to reflect the feasibility of the work and, accordingly, its objectivity. In addition, results should be reliable and complete, and information received during the observations should be presented in a manner that is convenient for the consumer, which requires additional steps of systematization of the information obtained, data processing and formation of the information banks. When designing a network of monitoring points in the study area, we should follow the same principle that is used for determination of sustainability category of geoecological systems: with other identical conditions, monitoring points should be located in places characterized by low levels of stability and within the zones of exposure to high environmental risk objects.

scholarly journals Estimation of benefits from the actual use of inland water ecosystem services in the Slovak Republic

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radoslav Bujnovský
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Inland Water ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
Actual Use

AbstractThe primary aim of the article is to obtain an overview of benefits from the actual use of inland water ecosystem services (ESSs) in Slovakia. The evaluation, which includes both surface water and groundwater, is primarily focused on demand side. Methods for assessing the benefits of the most prevalent ESSs, designated by Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES classification) v. 4.3, are described and discussed. The evaluation is performed at the level of 10 sub-basins to which available data are allocated. In the absence of necessary data or the impossibility of allocating them to sub-basins, the benefit from the use of some ESSs is estimated at the level of whole Slovak territory. The use of ESSs valuation in practice, especially with regard to water protection of surface water and groundwater, is discussed. The evaluation of benefits from ESSs of inland waters in Slovakia so far does not allow direct use of obtained results for proposal of measures within river basin management plans as suggested by several authors. Main reason is the input data availability and quality. At the present time, the significance of the ESSs evaluation may rather lie in the awareness of the value that human society gains from the use of inland waters. It becomes more evident that increase in environmental awareness alone is not sufficient in terms of the protection of ecosystems and their services. To achieve unambiguous and lasting improvement in this area, it is necessary to address the deeper causes, closely related to human thinking and behaviour.

scholarly journals Quality level of surface water at the control points of the western bug river (Lviv region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Zoryana Оdnorih ◽  
◽  
Roman Manko ◽  
Мyroslav Malovanyy ◽  
Christina Soloviy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Control Units ◽  
Basin Water

The article analyzes the negative impact of enterprises and public utilities on the surface water quality of the Western Bug River basin (within the Lviv region). The dynamics of changes of indicators of the main pollutants at six control points (2016-2018) and the assessment of surface water quality for 2018 are presented. It is proposed to replace the control units on the Western Bug River and its tributaries in order to obtain more accurate information and improve the work on the basin water management.

scholarly journals Water4Cities: An ICT Platform Enabling Holistic Surface Water and Groundwater Management for Sustainable Cities

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Stamatia Rizou ◽  
Klemen Kenda ◽  
Dimitris Kofinas ◽  
Nikos Mellios ◽  
Petra Pergar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Effective Decision Making

To enable effective decision-making at the entire city level, both surface water and groundwater should be viewed as part of the extended urban water ecosystem with its spatiotemporal availability, quantity, quality and competing uses being taken into account. The Water4Cities project aims to build an ICT solution for the monitoring, visualization and analysis of urban water at a holistic urban setting to provide added-value decision support services to multiple water stakeholders. This paper presents the main stakeholders identified, the overall approach and the target use cases, where Water4Cities platform will be tested and validated.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Stream and Wetland Restoration Using UAS-Based Thermal Infrared Mapping

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Harvey ◽  
Danielle K. Hare ◽  
Alex Hackman ◽  
Glorianna Davenport ◽  
Adam B. Haynes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Wetland Restoration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Hydrologic Connections ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
And Function

Large-scale wetland restoration often focuses on repairing the hydrologic connections degraded by anthropogenic modifications. Of these hydrologic connections, groundwater discharge is an important target, as these surface water ecosystem control points are important for thermal stability, among other ecosystem services. However, evaluating the effectiveness of the restoration activities on establishing groundwater discharge connection is often difficult over large areas and inaccessible terrain. Unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) are now routinely used for collecting aerial imagery and creating digital surface models (DSM). Lightweight thermal infrared (TIR) sensors provide another payload option for generation of sub-meter-resolution aerial TIR orthophotos. This technology allows for the rapid and safe survey of groundwater discharge areas. Aerial TIR water-surface data were collected in March 2019 at Tidmarsh Farms, a former commercial cranberry peatland located in coastal Massachusetts, USA (41°54′17″ N 70°34′17″ W), where stream and wetland restoration actions were completed in 2016. Here, we present a 0.4 km2 georeferenced, temperature-calibrated TIR orthophoto of the area. The image represents a mosaic of nearly 900 TIR images captured by UAS in a single morning with a total flight time of 36 min and is supported by a DSM derived from UAS-visible imagery. The survey was conducted in winter to maximize temperature contrast between relatively warm groundwater and colder ambient surface environment; lower-density groundwater rises above cool surface waters and thus can be imaged by a UAS. The resulting TIR orthomosaic shows fine detail of seepage distribution and downstream influence along the several restored channel forms, which was an objective of the ecological restoration design. The restored stream channel has increased connectivity to peatland groundwater discharge, reducing the ecosystem thermal stressors. Such aerial techniques can be used to guide ecological restoration design and assess post-restoration outcomes, especially in settings where ecosystem structure and function is governed by groundwater and surface water interaction.

Practical Realization of a Reference System for Earth Dynamics by Satellite Methods

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 341-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Anderle ◽  
M. C. Tanenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Polar Motion ◽  
Pole Position ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Crustal Motion ◽  
Average Reference ◽  
Future Data ◽  
Existing Data

AbstractObservations of artificial earth satellites provide a means of establishing an.origin, orientation, scale and control points for a coordinate system. Neither existing data nor future data are likely to provide significant information on the .001 angle between the axis of angular momentum and axis of rotation. Existing data have provided data to about .01 accuracy on the pole position and to possibly a meter on the origin of the system and for control points. The longitude origin is essentially arbitrary. While these accuracies permit acquisition of useful data on tides and polar motion through dynamio analyses, they are inadequate for determination of crustal motion or significant improvement in polar motion. The limitations arise from gravity, drag and radiation forces on the satellites as well as from instrument errors. Improvements in laser equipment and the launch of the dense LAGEOS satellite in an orbit high enough to suppress significant gravity and drag errors will permit determination of crustal motion and more accurate, higher frequency, polar motion. However, the reference frame for the results is likely to be an average reference frame defined by the observing stations, resulting in significant corrections to be determined for effects of changes in station configuration and data losses.

Application of a Simple Cold Stub to the Direct Observation of Frozen Hydrated Sand

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
John M. Wehrung ◽  
Richard J. Harniman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Permeable Rock ◽  
Natural Means

Water tables in aquifer regions of the southwest United States are dropping off at a rate which is greater than can be replaced by natural means. It is estimated that by 1985 wells will run dry in this region unless adequate artificial recharging can be accomplished. Recharging with surface water is limited by the plugging of permeable rock formations underground by clay particles and organic debris.A controlled study was initiated in which sand grains were used as the rock formation and water with known clay concentrations as the recharge media. The plugging mechanism was investigated by direct observation in the SEM of frozen hydrated sand samples from selected depths.

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