scholarly journals Using high-resolution isotope data and alternative calibration strategies for a tracer-aided runoff model in a nested catchment

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (22) ◽  
pp. 3962-3978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Tunaley ◽  
Doerthe Tetzlaff ◽  
Christian Birkel ◽  
Chris Soulsby
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Isotope Data ◽  
Runoff Model

scholarly journals Enhancing Automated Water Level Control at Navigable Waterways by High-Resolution Weather Predictions

10.29007/tfbm ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Kasper ◽  
Georg Pranner ◽  
Franz Simons ◽  
Michael Denhard ◽  
Carsten Thorenz
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Level Control ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Feed Forward Controller ◽  
Runoff Model ◽  
The Ideal

Heavy rainfall can cause large variations in the water level of navigable waterways when a lot of urban runoff is generated on sealed surfaces and discharged into the river. Due to climate change, extreme weather events will increase in intensity and frequency demanding a better automated water level control at impounded waterways. High- resolution forecasts of catchment rainfall are intended to serve as input to a rainfall- runoff model. Based on the resulting discharge forecasts, a model predictive feed forward controller calculates the ideal water level and discharge across the barrage. The control system is completed by a PI control loop. In this way water level deviations and discharge peaks resulting from stormwater overflow events can be reduced, which enhances the safety of shipping. Regarding the uncertainties of weather predictions, the consequences of an underestimated or overestimated overflow discharge are investigated.

Understanding differences in land-atmosphere interactions between pan-European convection-permitting and parametrised climate models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Halladay ◽  
Segolene Berthou ◽  
Elizabeth Kendon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Land Cover Type ◽  
Sensitivity Tests ◽  
Soil Hydraulics ◽  
Runoff Model

<p>Increasingly, we are using high-resolution convection-permitting models for climate projections but these models are less well understood in terms of the interaction between soil moisture, precipitation and evapotranspiration. The work was motivated by the discovery of warm, dry biases in summer in the 2.2 km convection-permitting model over France and eastern Europe compared to the 12 km convection-parametrised model that were associated with drier soils. We analyse several 12 km and 2.2 km versions of the Met Office Unified Model including sensitivity tests relating to soil hydraulics, land cover type and runoff model. We conduct similar tests using the land surface only to compare results between online and offline versions as the absence of some feedbacks can also produce differences.  </p>

scholarly journals The benefit of high-resolution operational weather forecasts for flash flood warning

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Younis ◽  
S. Anquetin ◽  
J. Thielen
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Numerical Weather ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Runoff Model

Abstract. In Mediterranean Europe, flash flooding is one of the most devastating hazards in terms of loss of human life and infrastructures. Over the last two decades, flash floods have caused damage costing a billion Euros in France alone. One of the problems of flash floods is that warning times are very short, leaving typically only a few hours for civil protection services to act. This study investigates if operationally available short-range numerical weather forecasts together with a rainfall-runoff model can be used for early indication of the occurrence of flash floods. One of the challenges in flash flood forecasting is that the watersheds are typically small, and good observational networks of both rainfall and discharge are rare. Therefore, hydrological models are difficult to calibrate and the simulated river discharges cannot always be compared with ground measurements. The lack of observations in most flash flood prone basins, therefore, necessitates the development of a method where the excess of the simulated discharge above a critical threshold can provide the forecaster with an indication of potential flood hazard in the area, with lead times of the order of weather forecasts. This study is focused on the Cévennes-Vivarais region in the Southeast of the Massif Central in France, a region known for devastating flash floods. This paper describes the main aspects of using numerical weather forecasting for flash flood forecasting, together with a threshold – exceedance. As a case study the severe flash flood event which took place on 8–9 September 2002 has been chosen. Short-range weather forecasts, from the Lokalmodell of the German national weather service, are used as input for the LISFLOOD model, a hybrid between a conceptual and physically based rainfall-runoff model. Results of the study indicate that high resolution operational weather forecasting combined with a rainfall-runoff model could be useful to determine flash floods more than 24 h in advance.

scholarly journals The benefit of high-resolution operational weather forecasts for flash flood warning

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 345-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Younis ◽  
S. Anquetin ◽  
J. Thielen
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flood Forecasting ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Numerical Weather ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Runoff Model

Abstract. In Mediterranean Europe, flash flooding is one of the most devastating hazards in terms of human life loss and infrastructures. Over the last two decades, flash floods brought losses of a billion Euros of damage in France alone. One of the problems of flash floods is that warning times are very short, leaving typically only a few hours for civil protection services to act. This study investigates if operationally available shortrange numerical weather forecasts together with a rainfall-runoff model can be used as early indication for the occurrence of flash floods. One of the challenges in flash flood forecasting is that the watersheds are typically small and good observational networks of both rainfall and discharge are rare. Therefore, hydrological models are difficult to calibrate and the simulated river discharges cannot always be compared with ground "truth". The lack of observations in most flash flood prone basins, therefore, lead to develop a method where the excess of the simulated discharge above a critical threshold can provide the forecaster with an indication of potential flood hazard in the area with leadtimes of the order of the weather forecasts. This study is focused on the Cévennes-Vivarais region in the Southeast of the Massif Central in France, a region known for devastating flash floods. The critical aspects of using numerical weather forecasting for flash flood forecasting are being described together with a threshold – exceedance. As case study the severe flash flood event which took place on 8–9 September 2002 has been chosen. The short-range weather forecasts, from the Lokalmodell of the German national weather service, are driving the LISFLOOD model, a hybrid between conceptual and physically based rainfall-runoff model. Results of the study indicate that high resolution operational weather forecasting combined with a rainfall-runoff model could be useful to determine flash floods more than 24 hours in advance.

scholarly journals Using SAS functions and high-resolution isotope data to unravel travel time distributions in headwater catchments

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 1864-1878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Benettin ◽  
Chris Soulsby ◽  
Christian Birkel ◽  
Doerthe Tetzlaff ◽  
Gianluca Botter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Headwater Catchments ◽  
Isotope Data

scholarly journals Assessing the added value of high-resolution isotope tracer data in rainfall-runoff modelling

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 6207-6246 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Birkel ◽  
S. M. Dunn ◽  
D. Tetzlaff ◽  
C. Soulsby
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Stream Flow ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Deuterium Content ◽  
Additional Parameter ◽  
Simple Assumption ◽  
Isotope Tracer ◽  
Isotope Data ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation

Abstract. A study has been undertaken in a small agricultural catchment in east Scotland with the objective of assessing the value of high-resolution isotope data for integration within hydrological models. Daily samples of precipitation and stream flow, collected over a year, have been analyzed for deuterium content using new laser spectroscopy technology. This study set out to evaluate whether the utility of such high-resolution isotope data outweighs the associated uncertainty, as well as uncertainty in discharge measurements. A multi-criteria approach was used to evaluate the simulation of two independent objective functions – stream flow and stream deuterium – against model and data errors. Particular emphasis was placed on different input and output sampling resolutions. The data indicate that moderate isotopic variability in the stream response between rainfall events, which is not captured using weekly tracer data, has little influence on model performance. In contrast, the input resolution of precipitation deuterium concentrations, which were much more variable, proved to be crucial. A low-parameterized Catchment Isotope Model (CIM) was developed and adequately reflects flow dynamics and deuterium peaks, but a simple assumption of ''good-mixing'' in the isotope module is not able to fully reproduce the daily stream deuterium dynamic. Multi-criteria evaluation, however, significantly constrained acceptable behavioural parameter sets and therefore reduced the model's degree of freedom. This approach has provided further assessment of the value of tracers in hydrological modelling, demonstrating their usefulness in terms of model conceptualization, development and calibration, which outweighs the additional parameter and measurement uncertainty.

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