Flow resistance equation for rills

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (15) ◽  
pp. 2793-2801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costanza Di Stefano ◽  
Vito Ferro ◽  
Vincenzo Palmeri ◽  
Vincenzo Pampalone
Keyword(s):  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Resistance Equation

scholarly journals Assessing theoretical flow velocity profile and resistance in gravel bed rivers by field measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Ferro ◽  
Paolo Porto
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Profile ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Froude Number ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Gravel Bed ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gravel Bed Rivers ◽  
Resistance Equation

Previous studies showed that integrating a power velocity profile, deduced applying dimensional analysis and the incomplete self-similarity condition, the flow resistance equation for open channel flow can be obtained. At first, in this paper the relationship between the Γ function of the power velocity profile, the channel slope and the Froude number, which was already empirically introduced in a previous paper, is now theoretically deduced. Then this relationship is calibrated using the field measurements of flow velocity, water depth and bed slope carried out in 101 reaches of gravel bed rivers available by literature. The proposed relationship for estimating Γ function and the theoretical flow resistance equation are also tested by an independent dataset of 104 reaches of some gravel bed rivers (Fiumare) in Calabria region. Finally, the theoretically-based relationship for estimating the Γ function is calibrated by the overall available database (205 reaches). In this way the three coefficients of the theoretically based Γ function are estimated for a wide range of slopes (0.1%-6.19%) and hydraulic conditions (Froude number values ranging from 0.08 to 1.25). In conclusion, the analysis shows that the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor for gravel bed rivers can be accurately estimated by the approach based on a power-velocity profile and the theoretically-based relationship proposed for estimating Γ function. The analysis also points out a performance in estimating mean flow velocity better than that obtained in a previous study carried out by the authors.

Testing slope effect on flow resistance equation for mobile bed rills

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costanza Di Stefano ◽  
Vito Ferro ◽  
Vincenzo Palmeri ◽  
Vincenzo Pampalone
Keyword(s):  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Mobile Bed ◽  
Resistance Equation

scholarly journals Effects of Biochar Addition on Rill Flow Resistance

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3036
Author(s):  
Alessio Nicosia ◽  
Vincenzo Pampalone ◽  
Vito Ferro
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Friction Factor ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Power Equation ◽  
Flow Turbulence ◽  
Bed Slope ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Resistance Equation ◽  
Rill Flow

The development of rills on a hillslope whose soil is amended by biochar remains a topic to be developed. A theoretical rill flow resistance equation, obtained by the integration of a power velocity distribution, was assessed using available measurements at plot scale with a biochar added soil. The biochar was incorporated and mixed with the arable soil using a biochar content BC of 6 and 12 kg m−2. The developed analysis demonstrated that an accurate estimate of the velocity profile parameter Гv can be obtained by the proposed power equation using an exponent e of the Reynolds number which decreases for increasing BC values. This result pointed out that the increase of biochar content dumps flow turbulence. The agreement between the measured friction factor values and those calculated by the proposed flow resistance equation, with Гv values estimated by the power equation calibrated on the available measurements, is characterized by errors which are always less than or equal to ±10% and less than or equal to ±3% for 75.0% of cases. In conclusion, the available measurements and the developed analysis allowed for (i) the calibration of the relationship between Гv, the bed slope, the flow Froude number, and the Reynolds number, (ii) the assessment of the influence of biochar content on flow resistance and, (iii) stating that the theoretical flow resistance equation gives an accurate estimate of the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor for rill flows on biochar added soils.

scholarly journals Rill flow resistance law under sediment transport

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costanza Di Stefano ◽  
Alessio Nicosia ◽  
Vincenzo Palmeri ◽  
Vincenzo Pampalone ◽  
Vito Ferro
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Friction Factor ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Mobile Bed ◽  
Resistance Equation ◽  
Rill Flow

Abstract Purpose In this paper, a deduced flow resistance equation for open-channel flow was tested using measurements carried out in mobile bed rills with sediment-laden flows and fixed bed rills. The main aims were to (i) assess the effect of sediment transport on rill flow resistance, and (ii) test the slope-flow velocity relationship in fixed bed rills. Methods The following analysis was developed: (i) a relationship between the Γ function of the velocity profile, the rill slope and the Froude number was calibrated using measurements carried out on fixed bed rills; (ii) the component of Darcy-Weisbach friction factor due to sediment transport was deduced using the corresponding measurements carried out on mobile bed rills (grain resistance and sediment transport) and the values estimated by flow resistance equation (grain resistance) for fixed bed rills in the same slope and hydraulic conditions; (iii) the Γ function relationship was calibrated using measurements carried out on mobile bed rills and the data of Jiang et al. (2018). Results This analysis demonstrated that the effect of sediment transport on rill flow resistance law is appreciable only for 7.7% of the examined cases and that the theoretical approach allows for an accurate estimate of the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor. Furthermore, for both fixed and mobile beds, the mean flow velocity was independent of channel slope, as suggested by Govers (1992) for mobile bed rills. Conclusions The investigation highlighted that the effect of sediment transport on rill flow resistance is almost negligible for most of the cases and that the experimental procedure for fixing rills caused the unexpected slope independence of flow velocity.

scholarly journals Flow Resistance Equation in Sand-bed Rivers and Its Practical Application in the Yellow River

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 727
Author(s):  
Rongrong Cai ◽  
Hongwu Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Luohao Zhang ◽  
Hai Huang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Viscous Sublayer ◽  
Channel Width ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Influence Coefficient ◽  
Wall Region ◽  
River Training ◽  
Resistance Equation

To fully reflect the effect of the flow characteristics, sidewall conditions and sediment concentrations on the bed roughness of sand-bed rivers, this study established a new flow resistance equation by introducing a comprehensive influence coefficient presented via a combination of power-function forms of the relative flow velocity, von Karman constant of sediment-laden flows and the ratio of particle size to viscous sublayer thickness. The comprehensive influence coefficient accordingly acts as a synthesized factor representing the combined effects of the flow intensity, bed material movement, energy consumption condition, and relative friction condition in the near-wall region of sediment-laden flows. Based on the field data from sediment-laden flows under scenarios of both high and low sediment concentrations, the performance of the proposed equation was validated to achieve the best accuracy in the calculation of Manning’s roughness coefficient compared with that of several previously presented flow resistance equations. Furthermore, the proposed flow resistance equation was adopted to quantify the stable channel width of the Lower Yellow River (LYR), i.e., the optimum main channel width for sediment transportation in the typical wandering reach of the LYR. The calculated stable channel width is consistent with the current river training width of the LYR, indicating that the proposed equation has great potential as a theoretical tool that can be used to support the determination of the river training strategy for the LYR.

scholarly journals Depths Inferred from Velocities Estimated by Remote Sensing: A Flow Resistance Equation-Based Approach to Mapping Multiple River Attributes at the Reach Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4566
Author(s):  
Carl Legleiter ◽  
Paul Kinzel
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Large River ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Image Velocimetry ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Direct Proportionality ◽  
Resistance Equation

Remote sensing of flow conditions in stream channels could facilitate hydrologic data collection, particularly in large, inaccessible rivers. Previous research has demonstrated the potential to estimate flow velocities in sediment-laden rivers via particle image velocimetry (PIV). In this study, we introduce a new framework for also obtaining bathymetric information: Depths Inferred from Velocities Estimated by Remote Sensing (DIVERS). This approach is based on a flow resistance equation and involves several assumptions: steady, uniform, one-dimensional flow and a direct proportionality between the velocity estimated at a given location and the local water depth, with no lateral transfer of mass or momentum. As an initial case study, we performed PIV and inferred depths from videos acquired from a helicopter hovering at multiple waypoints along a large river in central Alaska. The accuracy of PIV-derived velocities was assessed via comparison to field measurements and the performance of an optimization-based approach to DIVERS specification of roughness

Fluid Flow Resistance Through Hemispherical Dimpled Plates in Parallel and Zigzag Configurations

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Nasaruddin Salam ◽  
Rustan Tarakka ◽  
Jalaluddin Jalaluddin ◽  
Muh. Setiawan Sukardin
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Flow Resistance
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